Oothixo baseYiputa, kunye namaRoma kunye namaGrike, ngabo baziwa kakhulu, kunye i-pantheon ebanzi kakhulu, ngoko ke namhlanje siza kugxila kwizithixo zaseYiputa ezoyikwa kwaye zinamandla.
I-Egypt yamandulo iye yatsala abantu bazo zonke iintlobo, ngamaxesha onke, ngakumbi kwinkulungwane enkulu yabahloli bamazwe kunye nokwembiwa kwezinto zakudala. Olu khangelo lolwazi lwamandulo lwenze masizazi ngcono ezo mpucuko zamandulo.
Oothixo baseYiputa
Unqulo loothixo baseYiputa lubanzi kakhulu Kukho oothixo abali-14 ababalulekileyo: uOsiris, uIsis, uHorus, uAmun-Ra, uAnubis, uBastet, uHathor, uPtah noSeth. Abona thixo badumileyo babeza kugqiba ekubeni ngoothixo abaqhelekileyo kulo lonke elaseYiputa, ngelixa bekuya kubakho abanye oothixo abancinci ababenqulwa kwimimandla ethile okanye kwizithethe ezithile. Unokufunda ngakumbi ngazo apha oothixo baseYiputa.
Abona thixo boyikwayo nabanamandla baseYiputa
Njengoko sele sibonile, ubuninzi boothixo baseYiputa, kodwa phakathi kwabo Kwagqama oothixo aba-6, inqulwa, inamandla kwaye yoyikwa ngabantu, kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, ihlonishwa.
UAnubis, uthixo ongudyakalashe, uthixo wehlabathi eliphantsi
UAnubis nguthixo osisiseko wamaJiphutha ukusukela ngoko Inxulunyaniswa nokufa, ihlabathi labafileyo, ubomi basemva kokufa. Yaye yonke into enxulumene nabafileyo yayihlonelwa kakhulu. Uthixo kadyakalashe ngomnye wezikhulu ezimelwe kumangcwaba aseYiputa kokubini kwimizobo nakwimizobo.
Imelwe njenge indoda enentloko kadyakalashe okanye inja emnyama. UThixo wovuko kwaye ke Umelwe kunye ne-anj isimboli sobomi, esikwabizwa ngokuba ngumnqamlezo waseYiputa okanye isitshixo sobomi, esandleni esinye.
Enye yezona zinto zininzi kwaye zibalulekileyo zokubonakaliswa kwe-Anubis lixesha "lokulinganisa imiphefumlo.". Esi sicatshulwa esivela kwiNcwadi yabafileyo ichaza indlela u-Anubis ayilinganisa ngayo intliziyo yomntu kwisikali njenge-counterweight ukuya kwintsiba evela kuthixokazi uMaat (uphawu lwenyaniso). Ukuba iintliziyo bezinzima kunosiba beziya kudliwa nguAmmit kwaye ukuba bezilingana okanye zikhaphukhaphu kunobunzima bontsiba bebeya kungena kwihlabathi labafileyo kwaye bakhethe ukuvuka.
Anubis Ukwanguthixo oqholiweyo, yiloo nto edla ngokubonwa etafileni yokuqhola umzimba kamfi okanye ekwisdumbu sakhe.
Kuyo yonke le nto Wayenguthixo onamandla amakhulu, abantu ababemoyika ngenxa yokuba yayiza kuba nguye ophethe isigqibo sokuba iya kuya phi imiphefumlo yabo. Wayehlonelwa kakhulu kumxholo we unqulo lwaseYiputa.
Osiris, uthixo wokufa
UOsiris ekuqaleni wayengukumkani waseYiputa yaMandulo owabulawa ngendlela eyoyikekayo ngumntakwabo uSete waza waphoswa kuMlambo umNayile, wayeza kubuyiswa ebomini ngamandla kadade wakhe uNephthys nomfazi wakhe uIsis. Oku ukufela ukholo kwamguqula waba nguthixo wokufa, wobomi basemva kokufa, umgwebi owongamileyo yemithetho kaMaat.
Imelwe ipeyintwe luhlaza okanye umbala wenyama efileyo, nomzimba osongelwe njengomama, unguthixo ofileyo. Uthweswe isithsaba esimhlophe i-Hedjet, isimboli se-Upper Egypt kunye neempawu zobukhosi zentonga ye-Heka kunye ne-flagellum ye-Nekhekh, ebambeleyo esifubeni sakhe.
Ngesiqhelo enye yeenkulu imelwe, inokubonwa ngokuqhubekayo kwimibhalo yeepiramidi ezidumileyo. Iboniswe ecaleni kuka-Anubis, uHorus kunye noIsis. Wayengomnye wezithixo ezihlonelwa kakhulu ngenxa yokubaluleka kwamaYiputa kubomi basemva kokufa, obunxulumene no intsomi yaseYiputa lokuvuka kwakhe.
UIsis, uthixokazi wenyanga
Uthixokazi uIsis ubaluleke kakhulu kwindima anayo ekuvusweni kukaOsiris, ungudade nomfazi kaOsiris kwaye kunye naye wayeza kuzala uHorus. Wayehlonelwa njengothixokazi owayenceda abafileyo bangene kubomi basemva kokufa, kanye njengokuba wenzayo kuOsiris. Wayegqalwa njengonina wobuthixo kafaro, owayefunyaniswa nothixo onguHorus.
Imelwe cunetrone enjengesithsaba, inesitshixo sobomi, kodwa kuBukumkani Obutsha, izihlandlo ezininzi uthabatha iimpawu zothixokazi uHathor enxibe isithsaba esineempondo zenkomo kunye nelanga phakathi kwazo.
Ngamaxesha athile uboniswa encancisa uHorus, kodwa inkolelo malunga nokufa nokuvuka kuka-Osiris yinto eboniswa kakhulu kwiMibhalo yePiramidi kwaye iyona ntsomi ebaluleke kakhulu yaseYiputa ebonakala kuyo.
Amandla akhe okunceda abafileyo amenza a uthixokazi obalulekileyo nohlonelwayo, Ukongeza ekubeni unamandla okuba ngumama kaHorus kunye noFaro, njengoko kubonakala kummeli we uthixokazi uHathor.
USete, uthixo wogonyamelo
Nkosi yesiphithiphithi, yembalela, yentlango, yongalawulekiyo. Umzalwana kunye nombulali ka-Osiris, umyeni wesithixokazi uNephthys kwaye kunye babeza kuba ngabazali baka-Anubis. Okanye ke bekutshiwo ngokwesiko, nangona kukho amathandabuzo phakathi kwe-Egyptologists.
Imelwe nomzimba womntu kunye nentloko yesilwanyana: impumlo egobileyo kunye neendlebe ezixande. Isenokubonakaliswa njengezilwanyana zabo ezingcwele: ihagu, isabhokhwe, idonki, i-oryx, ingwenya, imvubu, inyoka okanye intlanzi.
Ugqalwa njengoyena thixo bakudala. uthixo wentlango eyilifa awamshiyayo uGebhe. Isoyikeka kakhulu ngamandla ayo okutshabalalisa, ngokuba ngummeli wobubi. Kamva, kuBukumkani Obutsha, wayegqalwa njengothixo wemfazwe namathafa, ethomalalisa inkohlakalo eyayibonakala ingqonge lo thixo.
Kukwakhona uthixo okhuselayo kubantu abawela intlango kwaye bajongana nezaqhwithi zesanti. Wayethathwa njengenye yezona zinto zinamandla kunye nokuchasana no-Osiris, ngoko ke umzobo wakhe usisiseko Inkcubeko yase-Egypt.
Horus, uthixo wezulu
Uthixo wezulu, uthixo welanga. Omnye wezithixo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinemisebenzi emininzi. UFaro ufana noHorus ebomini kunye no-Osiris ekufeni. Ngoko ubuhlobo bakhe nobukumkani bamenza ukuba abe namandla, woyike kwaye ahlonitshwe.
Umelwe njengo indoda enentloko yokhetshe okanye njengokhetshe lonke, enentloko ethweswe isithsaba esiphindwe kabini somYiputa ophakamileyo nophantsi.
Umfazi wakhe yayingudade wabo uNut, uthixokazi wesibhakabhaka, kunye nonyana kaOsiris noIsis. Iliso likaHorus lolunye lweempawu ezidumileyo eYiputa. Uthixo wayeya kuphulukana neliso lakhe kwelinye lamadabi akhe nxamnye noSete ukuze abuyisele itrone kaOsiris emva kokubulawa kwakhe. UHorus wayeza kuchacha iliso lakhe, walisondeza libe ngumnikelo kuyise, ukuba abuye abone.
Njengothixo welanga, ukukhusela isikhephe sikaRa, Ngoncedo lukaSete, nxamnye nenyoka enkulu uApepu. Ungumkhuseli we-Osiris kunye umlamli "kwisigwebo sika-Osiris" phakathi komfi noyise. Konke oku kumenza uthixo onamandla, ohlonelwayo nobaluleke kakhulu, engumlinganiswa obalaseleyo kwi isiphelo sooFaro baseYiputa.
Amun-Ra, ukumkani wezithixo
nguAmon uthixo wendalo. Udla ngokumelwa ngaloo ndlela, ngexesha lokudala kunye nomfazi wakhe uAmonet. Unguthixo osisiseko kuba nguye odala ubomi, oothixo, iYiputa ngokwayo, yonke into.
Uthixo wayeza kufumana ukubaluleka kwaye yayiza kudibana nothixo welanga, uRa, yaye yayiya kubizwa ngokuba yiAmon-Ra okanye uAmón-Re.
Iboniswe ngamaxesha amaninzi njengendoda enolusu oluluhlaza. Ngaba kunye no-Osiris, oyena thixo umelweyo nokhankanywe kubo bonke. Kwakhona wayenqulwa ngaphandle kweYiputa waza wachazwa njengoZeyus eGrisi noJupiter eRoma.
