Beck Cognitive Therapy Yintoni?

Kulo lonke inqaku lethu siza kuthetha kancinci malunga Beck yonyango lwengqondo, eyaphuhliswa ukunyanga ukudakumba okuvela kuxinzelelo. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze wazi ngakumbi.

Beck's Cognitive Therapy Yintoni?

Isayikholoji yengqondo licandelo lesayikholoji yengqondo ejongene neenkqubo apho umntu athi aqonde okusingqongileyo kwaye abe nolwazi lwehlabathi kunye neziphumo zalo.

Sazi kakuhle ukuba unyango lwengqondo luka-Aaron Beck ngandlel’ ithile kunzima ukuluqonda. Nangona kunjalo, apha siza kuzama ukuchaza yonke into ngendlela eqondakalayo. Kulo mba, isazi wezengqondo sigxininisa imodeli yakhe ekubandezelekeni komntu ngohlalutyo oluthile lwezibakala, kodwa kungekhona ezi ngokwabo, ngoko u-Beck weza ukubonisa umdla omkhulu kwindlela le ngcaciso idlala indima ebalulekileyo ngayo. .

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abokuqala ukusebenzisa iziseko zesayensi yokuqonda ngokucwangcisiweyo ukunyanga ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo yayingu-Albert Ellis no-Aaron Beck. Owokuqala wabiza imodeli yakhe yesicelo sonyango "I-Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy" (REBT) ngelixa u-Beck ebiza indlela yakhe yonyango "I-Cognitive Therapy". Ngeli nqaku kufuneka sicacise ukuba kukho iimodeli ezininzi zonyango lwengqondo, kodwa ezi zimbini zaziwa kakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo okubalaseleyo.

Yintoni uBeck's Cognitive Therapy?

Ukunyanga ukudakumba kunye nezinye iziphazamiso, u-Beck uxoxa ngohlengahlengiso lokuqonda. Kumalunga nokuqinisekisa ukuba isigulana sinakho ukuguqula imifuziselo ayisebenzisayo ukutolika, ngenxa yesi sizathu sifunda iimeko ezifunyenweyo kunye novavanyo oluzimeleyo lweenyani. Ekubeni ewazi amacebo umguli asebenza ngawo, kunyango uyawasebenza ukuze aphulukane nokuqina.

Ngolu nyango, umntu uzibona ngamehlo akhe kwaye afumane izicwangciso zokujonga ihlabathi ngendlela eyahlukileyo nangendlela enenzuzo ngakumbi kwimpilo yakhe.

Ukuba siqaphela umntu oneengcinga ezigwenxa nezigwenxa kwindlela yakhe yokutolika okwenzekayo kwimihla ngemihla, zonke ezi ngcinga nezitoliko azenzayo umntu ekuhambeni kwexesha, azitshintshi kangangokuba, ekugqibeleni, ziye zibe ngqiqweni kwaye zixinezeleke. imbono yabo malunga nento eyenzekayo kubo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo.

Sinokuthabatha njengowona mzekelo ubalaseleyo, owabo bantu badandathekileyo, olu didi lwabantu lusoloko luneengcamango eziphosakeleyo ngabo yaye ngokufuthi lucinga ngoko luya kuziswa likamva labo, ekubeni kubo liya kuhlala lingenathemba. Ukugxila kuphela kwiingcamango zakho ezingathandekiyo ukuya kwinqanaba lokubaxa kunye nokutyeshela imiba eyakhayo.

Yintoni na?

Nangona unyango lwengqondo lwaphuhliswa ukususela ekuqaleni ukunyanga iingxaki ezinxulumene nokudakumba, ekuhambeni kwexesha uyilo lwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwithiyori efanayo eyayisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye iintlobo zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nokungonwabi.

Ekubeni olu nyango lubonisa ukuba ukuziphatha kunye neemvakalelo zomntu zisekelwe kwindlela yakhe yokubona ihlabathi lakhe, kwagqitywa ukuba iingcamango zomntu zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nezo mvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha azibonakalisayo.

Imodeli yengqondo ecetywayo ngu-Beck ibonisa ukuba abantu abaphenduli ngokuzenzekelayo kwimeko, kodwa kunoko, ngaphambi kokukhupha impendulo yemvakalelo okanye yokuziphatha, bavavanya, baqonde, batolike, bahlele kwaye banike intsingiselo kwi-stimulus ngokumalunga neengcamango zabo zangaphambili okanye. izicwangciso zengqondo. Ezinye zezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo ezichaza unyango luka-Beck zezi:

izicwangciso zengqondo

Oku kusekelwe ikakhulu kwizakhiwo eziqulethe iindlela zokufaka ikhowudi, ukugcina kunye nokubuyisela ulwazi. Oku kubandakanya inkumbulo, ingqiqo, ukutolika, kunye nengqalelo, okuthetha ukuba kubonisa indlela oyibona ngayo into ethile kunye nendlela oyitolika ngayo.

umbutho wokuqonda

Umzekelo owenziwe ngu-Aaron Beck ufumanisa ukuba umntu unika impendulo etolikiweyo nevavanyiweyo kwimeko ethile, ukuze singenzi ngokuzenzekelayo. Yintoni u-Beck ayichazayo kukuba, emva kwenxalenye enkulu yokuziphatha kwethu, kukho indlela ethile yokucubungula ulwazi, ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo zethu zokuqonda ezifumana impembelelo enkulu esekelwe kulo kuziphatha.

iimveliso zengqondo

Ngale nto, u-Beck ubhekisela kwezo ngcamango ezivela ekusebenzisaneni nolwazi olunikezwa yimeko ethile. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba ii-schemas, umbutho wokuqonda ngokwawo kunye neenkolelo ezicacileyo nazo ziyasebenzisana kule meko. Oko kukuthi, indlela umntu asebenza ngayo ngokusekelwe kwindlela yakhe yokubona ihlabathi kunye nendlela yakhe yokuphila.

Iinkolelo

Ngokuka-Aaron Beck, izikrweqe zokuqonda zenziwe ikakhulu ziinkolelo. Kunokuthiwa zizikhokelo ezivumela umntu ngamnye ukuba abone ihlabathi, enze ingqiqo kwaye akhe izakhiwo ngamava abo. Ezinye zihleli, ziqinisekile, zizazisi, zenyukliya kwaye ziphelele; abanye, kwelinye icala, be-peripheral, kuloo meko baya kubandakanya zonke ezo zidalwe ziimeko kunye nemeko yeemvakalelo yomntu ngomzuzu othile.

Beck kaThixo Cognitive Triad

Kule ngongoma, yacaciswa ngokomzobo kusetyenziswa umzobo ongunxantathu ekubeni le yindlela yokuba iingcinga ziphembelela iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo ziphembelela indlela yokuziphatha kwaye ngokuphambanayo imelwe.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokwenene kukho impembelelo yokubuyisela phakathi kwamaqela ama-3. Xa umntu ejongene nemeko ethile, i-schema sisiseko sokuguqula idatha ibe yi-cognition Abantu abane-negative schemas okanye abatyekele ekwenzeni iimpazamo ezithile zokucwangcisa baya kuba sengozini yokufumana ukuphazamiseka koxinzelelo; Njengoko uAaron Beck esitsho:

"Iqukethe iipatheni ezintathu eziphambili ezikhokelela isigulana ukuba sizijonge, ikamva lakhe, kunye namava akhe ngendlela engabonakaliyo"

Ukuchaza umzekelo, sinesigulane esinexhala kwaye siqala ngeengcamango ezithile ezinjengokuthi: "Ndiza kubuya ndinengxaki yokuxhalaba", "andinakukwazi ukunqoba oku", "andiyi kuze ndizive kakuhle". Ngezi ntlobo zeengcinga, xa zihlala zizibonakalisa, zivuselela ukusabela (uvakalelo) olunokuba lusizi kunye nokukhathazeka, okuya kugqiba ukukhokelela ekusebenzeni ngokubambisana kunye nokuqala ukufumana ngokwasemzimbeni ukuhlaselwa kwe-panic (ukuziphatha).

Ngale ndlela, ukuba umntu uqhelana nenyaniso yokuba uhlobo olufanayo lweengcinga, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha zisoloko zibangelwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezi ziya kuba ziqina ngakumbi kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukuziphelisa.

Beck Cognitive Therapy Treatment Plan

Eyona njongo iphambili u-Beck ayibonisayo malunga nonyango lokuqonda kukuba isigulana, kunye nomnyangi, sidala amava amatsha amvumela ukuba athomalalise ezo zisekiweyo kwasebuntwaneni kwaye zingalunganga kwindlela yakhe yokuziva kunye nokwenza. Inyaniso yokuguqula inkolelo yesigulana ayenziwa ngengxoxo-mpikiswano, kodwa kunoko ubungqina obucacileyo bufunwa ukuhlolisisa iinkolelo zabo kwaye ukusuka kwinto eyinyani echanekileyo isekwa ngedatha ephathekayo.

Ngokomzekelo, umntu onenkolelo yobuxoki kwaye uye wavelisa i-phobia yokungena kwi-swimming pool ekubeni ecinga ukuba xa engena kuyo, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuxinga kwigridi kwaye agxothwe, unokuphikisana kwaye ubonise ukuba iigridi ze-grid. amachibi akhuselekile kwaye awayi kukwenza iingxaki.

Ukuqala

Ukuchaza inqaku lethu lokugqibela kwesi sihloko, kwaye ekubeni sisazi ngakumbi malunga Beck yonyango lwengqondo, besiya kushiyeka sidwelise imigaqo yonyango lwengqondo elawulwa ukunyanga ukudakumba kunye nezinye iziphazamiso zesimo sengqondo somntu.

• Umgaqo-siseko wokuqala ka-Beck okanye u-triad cognitive: sele siphuhlise le ngongoma ngaphambili, isekelwe ikakhulu kwindlela yokucinga yesigulane kunye neengxaki azibonisayo kwiindlela zokuqonda. Oko kukuthi, iingcamango ezingekho ngqiqweni zomguli okhoyo ziyachongwa, kwanezenzo azenzayo nezivelisa iingxaki.
• Okwesibini: isekelwe kubudlelwane kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwesigulane kunye nomgqirha.
• Okwesithathu: igxile kwintsebenziswano kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba okusebenzayo. Kungqinwe ukuba izigulane ezibonisa ukusebenzisana okukhulu ngexesha lonyango zinethuba le-50% lokufumana uncedo oluyimfuneko kwaye ngaloo ndlela basombulula iingxaki zabo.
• Okwesine: ngolu nyango sigxile ekuphumezeni iinjongo kwaye lugxile kwiingxaki ezithile. Ngoko ke, ukususela kwiseshoni yokuqala kunye nesigulane, iingxaki eziphambili kufuneka zisekwe.
• Okwesihlanu: unyango lwengqondo lukhoyo ngoku. Ke isigulana siyaboniswa ukuba yintoni na ukwenza apha kwaye ngoku kwaye ukuba wenza ngokuqwalasela oko. Ikwabalaselisa indlela iingcamango zexesha elidlulileyo okanye elizayo ezizichaphazela ngayo iimvakalelo zangoku.
• Okwesithandathu: olu nyango luyimfundiso ngokusisiseko, kuba lujolise ekufundiseni isigulana ukuba sibe yingcaphephe yaso ngokusifundisa ukuchonga zonke ezo ngcinga zingalunganga ngakubo, iinkolelo zabo ezingenangqondo kunye nalapho zivela khona ukuze zifunde ukuziguqula nokuvelisa. izimvo ezakhayo.
• Okwesixhenxe: Olu hlobo lonyango luthanda ukulinganiselwa. Ngamanye amazwi, kuhloswe ukuba isigulane sele sibonisa ukuphuculwa kweseshoni yesine kwaye ukuba ngeseshoni yeshumi elinesine sele sele benezixhobo ezaneleyo zokunciphisa iimpawu ezibonisayo, nangona kunjalo, kuzo zonke iimeko aziyi kufana.
• Eyesibhozo: sifika kwindawo yeeseshoni ezicwangcisiweyo. Okokuthi, baneskripthi kunye nomyalelo onengqiqo ekufuneka ulandelwe ukuququzelela ukuzinyanga kwesigulane, okuvumela ukuba isazi sezengqondo sinikele ingqalelo kwiingongoma ezibalulekileyo ezivezwa ngumguli.
• Okwesithoba: olu nyango luvumela isigulana ukuba sivavanye kwaye sihlalutye iingcinga ezingasebenziyo kunye nokuziphatha abanako.

Ukuba ulithandile inqaku lethu, siyakumema ukuba undwendwele iwebhusayithi yethu ukuze ufumane ulwazi olunomdla olunje Indlela yokuphucula ubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu? Kufuneka ukhumbule kwakhona ukuba inqaku lethu lenzelwe iinjongo zolwazi kuphela kwaye asinawo amandla afanelekileyo okwenza ukuxilongwa okanye ukucebisa unyango. Ukuba ufuna uncedo, unganqikazi ukuya kwi-psychologist eya kukunika ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Sikwakushiyela le vidiyo inolwazi.