Emiliano Zapata, indoda yoguquko evela eMexico, eyathi ukususela ebutsheni bayo nangenxa yezenzo zabandezeleka yintsapho yayo, ngenxa yokuhluthwa ngobundlobongela kwemihlaba yabo, kunye nabemi abaninzi abahlwempuzekileyo, bathembisa ukuba imihlaba iya kubuyiselwa kuye nabani na ongowabo. bona. Funda imbali enomdla.
U-Emiliano Zapata: ngobomi
U-Emiliano Zapata Salazar, wazalelwa eSan Miguel Anenecuilco, idolophu yase-Ayala, eMorelos, eMexico, ngo-Agasti 8, 1879. Wayeyaziwa ngokuba ngu-Emiliano Zapata, enye yeenkokheli eziphambili zemikhosi kunye neyona ndawo ibalulekileyo yendawo eyayinayo iNguqulelo yaseMexico. , kunye nomfanekiso ophawula ingqibelelo yezolimo kwilizwe lama-Aztec.
Ekubeni wayelilungu lombutho wenguqu, wahlala ekhuthele ephethe uMkhosi weNkululeko waseMzantsi. Ngokufanayo, wayesaziwa phantsi kwegama elithi "Caudillo del Sur". Wayengumntu obalaseleyo kunye nomgqugquzeli wokulwela intlalontle yoluntu kunye namajelo ezolimo.
Kwakhona walwela ubulungisa bezentlalo, inkululeko, ukulingana kunye nedemokhrasi yentlalo, ubunini bomhlaba, ukuqwalaselwa kunye nentlonipho yabantu bomthonyama, abalimi kunye nemisebenzi yaseMexico ngokuba ngamaxhoba enkqubo ye-oligarchic kunye ne-latifundismo yabanini beendawo ze-Porfiriato.
Nangona kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuba u-Emiliano Zapata naye walahlwa kunye nePancho Villa, kwiNkongolo yeConstituent ka-1917, apho kuvela khona umgaqo-siseko wentlalontle, enokuthi ingqinwe kwinqaku lama-27.
Ukuqala kwayo
U-Emiliano Zapata, wazalelwa kusapho lwamahlwempu, unyana kaGabriel Zapata kunye noCleofas Salazar, wayenenkampani yoodade abathandathu ababebizwa ngokuba nguCelsa, uRamona, uMaría de Jesús, uMaría de la Luz, uJovita noMatilde, kunye nabantakwabo abathathu ngamagama. : UPedro, uEufemio noLoreto.
UJosé Salazar, utat'omkhulu ozala umama, naye wasebenzisa umsebenzi wasemkhosini phantsi komyalelo kaJosé María Morelos y Pavón, kwisixeko saseCuautla de Morelos. Ngokufanayo, oomalume bakhe ogama linguCristino noJosé Zaparon balwa kwiMfazwe yoHlaziyo kwaye ngexesha lokungenelela kweFrentshi phantsi komyalelo weGenerals Carlos Pacheco kunye noPorfirio Díaz.
Ubuntwana bakhe baphuhliswa kwindawo yePorfirista latifundism eMorelos. Amanyathelo akhe okuqala kwizifundo aqhutywa kunye nomfundisi-ntsapho u-Emilio Vara, owayesakuba lijoni laseJuarista.
Ngoxa abazali bakhe babesaphila, u-Emiliano wayephila ngesiganeko esasiphawula ikamva lakhe: umninimzi waseCuahuixtla hacienda ongummelwane wayethabathe umhlaba wakhe wase-Anenecuilco ngamandla. Ngelixa abalimi abaninzi bexhathisa.
Ngenxa yale nyaniso, u-Emiliano wabona indlela uyise ekhala ngayo ngokukrakra ngenxa yokuphangwa kwemihlaba yakhe, eyamenza ukuba-owayeza kuthiwa yi-caudillo yasezantsi-, wayebuhlungu ngenxa yokuba uyise wathi akayi kulwa nabaxhaphazi ababengekho. enamandla .
Ngelo xesha uZapata wayeneminyaka eli-9 kuphela ubudala, wayenamava angathandekiyo okubona indlela abalimi abaphanga ngayo imihlaba yakhe, izenzo ezikhuthazwa ngabanini beehaciendas ezikufutshane, kwaye emva kokubona amazwi kayise, owaphendula wathi akanako. yenza nantoni na ukubanqanda.
Ngaba ayinakwenziwa? Ewe, xa ndikhulile, ndiza kubabuyisela.
UZapata, eneminyaka eyi-16, kwiinyanga ezili-11 emva kokusweleka kukayise, umama wakhe wasweleka. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, waqala umsebenzi wakhe kwihlabathi lezolimo njengomlimi kunye nomfama. Ngomhla we-15 kaJuni, i-1897, ubanjwe yimikhosi yasemaphandleni kamasipala waseCuernavaca, ngelixa wayethatha inxaxheba kwimibhiyozo kwidolophu yakhe yase-Anenecuilco.
Ngokungenelela komntakwabo u-Eufemio, wakwazi ukukhululwa, kodwa ephethe umpu esandleni. Ngenxa yesi siganeko, abazalwana baseZapatas kwafuneka bashiye urhulumente ngasemva. Ngelo xesha, umntakwabo uEufemio wahlala unyaka esebenza kwifama yaseJaltepec esePuebla.
Imisebenzi yokuqala yezopolitiko
Ngo-1906, wathatha inxaxheba kwintlanganiso eyayenziwe ngabalimi baseCuautla, ukujongana nemiba enxulumene nokukhusela kunye nokukhusela indawo yabo, kunye nemihlaba yedolophu ukujongana nabanini-mhlaba abakufutshane.
Ubume bakhe bemvukelo bamvumela ukuba abhalise, ngelixa ngo-1908, uZapata wabandakanywa kwi-9th Cavalry Regiment, phantsi kolawulo lomkhosi kaColonel Alfonso Pradillo. Ngelixa kwisixeko saseCuernavaca, uZapata wamiselwa njengomgcini wamahashe e-hacienda, ephethwe nguPablo Escandón, inkokeli yeGeneral Staff of Porfirio Díaz.
Kamva, wathatyathwa ukuba enze imisebenzi efanayo phantsi kwemiyalelo ka-Ignacio de la Torre, owayengumkhwenyana kaGeneral Porfirio Díaz kwaye uziva ethanda ubuchule kunye nobulumko bakhe ngamahashe.
Yafika ngoJanuwari 24, 1609, iKlabhu eyaziwayo ebizwa ngokuba yiMelchor Ocampo yasekwa eVilla de Ayala, ukuxhasa ugqatso oluchasene noPatricio Leyva ngexesha likarhulumente welizwe laseMorelos, iZapata iphakathi kwamalungu ayo, ebonakala okokuqala ilizwe lezopolitiko, kunye nokushiya ngasemva imeko yabalimi. Uzinikezele ekuxhaseni umviwa ongathandiyo nabanini-mhlaba, njengoko kunjalo ngemeko kaPablo Escandón y Barrón, umnini wefama yaseSan Diego Atlihuayán.
Nge-12 kaSeptemba waloo nyaka, u-Emiliano Zapata wonyulwa njenge-calpuleque, igama e-Nahaualt, eliguqulela njengenkokeli okanye umongameli, ukusebenzisa iBhodi yezoKhuselo kummandla we-Anenecuilco, i-Villa de Ayala, i-Moyotepec, phantsi kwesi sikhundla. inkqubo yokuphanda kunye nokuhlalutya naluphi na uxwebhu olufunyenweyo kwaye lwalumalunga ne-viceroyalty, apho bafaka ubungqina kumalungelo epropathi abahlali phezu kwemimandla yabo.
Ngaphambili yayikhatyiwe yiMithetho yoHlaziyo, ngakumbi uMthetho kaLerdo, owawunyanzela amaqela ahlukeneyo asekuhlaleni ukuba athengise okanye ahluthe imihlaba yawo eyayingenamveliso, ibe ngumbandela ngaxa lithile, uxhaswa ziinkosi ezahlukeneyo zomthonyama njengetyala likaTomás. Mejía, koorhulumente abalondolozayo, kunye nakwi-Second Empire yaseMexico.
Le mithetho iphunyeziweyo incede abantu abaninzi ngokonyusa ukuthathwa kwabo komhlaba ngokungekho mthethweni, bebanga kwaye becela ubunini bomhlaba abangawusebenzanga abahlali. Isizathu esamkhuthazayo ukuba abe ngumlimi owahlukileyo kuMorelos, ilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa.
Ngenyanga kaFebruwari wonyaka we-1910, waye waqukwa, kuMkhosi weThoba wamahashe owawuseCuernavaca, kunye nenqanaba lomkhosi wejoni eliqhelekileyo.
Ngenyanga kaMeyi wowe-1910, esebenzisa imikhosi, wahlangula imihlaba yeSibhedlele iHacienda del, eyayigadwe ngumphathi wamapolisa, uMnu. José A. Vivanco, nowathi nayo wayinikela kubahlali basekuhlaleni. ummandla. Ngenxa yesi siganeko, kwanyanzeleka ukuba abaleke izihlandlo ezininzi kumagunya aseburhulumenteni, kuba wayetyunjwe njengesihange.
Emva kwexesha elihle, emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa wathatha inxaxheba kwintlanganiso eyayibanjelwe e-Villa de Ayala, ukwenzela ukujongana nomcimbi onxulumeneyo, owawuza kuba yi-Ayala Plan. Wakwazi ukuhlanganisa bonke abahlali abangabamelwane kwiindawo ezintathu: i-Anenecuilco, i-Villa de Ayala kunye ne-Moyotepec, apho inkqubo yokusasazwa okutsha komhlaba yaqala, ukudiliza iingcingo ezibekwe kwindawo ejikelezileyo.
I-Revolution yaseMaderista kunye neSicwangciso se-Ayala
UFrancisco I. Madero, ubhengeza iSicwangciso saseSan Luis, esabonakalisa ukuqala kwe-1910 Revolution, u-Emiliano Zapata ufunda ikopi, emenza abe nomdla ngokugxininisa kwinqaku lesithathu, elichazwe kwisicwangciso, esabonisa ukubuyiswa kokunikezelwa. umhlaba kubanini bawo bangaphambili.
Kwangoko, uZapata uthetha noPablo Torres Burgos, utitshala obalulekileyo wasemaphandleni, kunye noGabriel Tepepa, uCatarino Perdomo kunye noMargarito Martínez. Bavuma ukuba uTorres Burros, owayengoyena ufundileyo kumalungu, wafumana udliwano-ndlebe nenkokeli yeRevolution, uFrancisco I. Madero odumileyo, kwisixeko saseSan Antonio, eTexas.
Emva kodliwano-ndlebe kwaye ngokutsho oko kwakuxutyushwa, bagqiba ekubeni bathabathe izixhobo uPablo Torres Burgos, uEmiliano Zapata, uRafael Merino, kunye nabalimi abamalunga nama-60, phakathi kwabo: uCatarino Perdomo, uPróculo Capistrán, uManuel Rojas, uJuan Sánchez, uCristóbal Gutiérrez, uJulio. UDíaz, uZacarías kunye noRefugio Torres, uJesús Becerra, uBibiano Cortés, uSerafín Plascencia, uMaurilio Mejía kunye noCelestino Benítez. Sicebisa Biography Guadalupe Victoria
Xa babehlanganisene ngoMatshi 26, 1911, kumthendeleko weLenten kwisixeko saseCuautla, babhengeza iCebo laseSan Luis.
U-Emiliano Zapata wemka waya emazantsi, kuba wayetshutshiswa ngu-Aureliano Blanquet kunye nomkhosi wakhe wamajoni. Ngeli xesha elihambelana nexesha lokuhamba kweZapatista, iimfazwe zaseChinameca, iJojutla, iJonacatepec, iTlayecac kunye neTlaquiltenango zivelele, kunye nokufa kweZapatista kunye nentloko yentshukumo yeSuriano, owaziwayo uPablo Torres Burgos. , owathi enyanisweni wongamela uEmiliano ngokwakhe.
Emva kokusweleka kuka-Emiliano Zapato, unyulwe yiRevolutionary Junta yaseMazantsi, ngoMatshi 29, 1911, njengenkokeli entsha yoguqulo i maderista yasezantsi. Iimfuno zeZapatista zivakalise uluvo lwabo ngohlaziyo oluqinisekileyo lwezolimo "Umhlaba ngowabo bawusebenzayo", isilogeni esasisetyenziswa nguTeodoro Flores, owayenguyise wabazalwana bakaFlores Magón, owathi ekugqibeleni waba luphawu olubalulekileyo kumlo wakhe wobudenge. iziganeko Porfirio Diaz.
Ngokufanayo, uFrancisco León de la Barra ukhankanyiwe, ngubani esikhundleni sakhe njengomongameli, wakhokela imingeni emininzi yezopolitiko kunye nezixhobo kwinkokeli yasezantsi, kuquka uFrancisco I. Madero ngokwakhe.
Ke, u-Emiliano Zapata wafaka ikomkhulu lakhe kwidolophu yaseCuautlixco, ekufutshane neCuautla. Ukusuka kuloo ndawo, uqondisa ukuhlaselwa kwakhe kwi-Army yasePorfirista, ekhuselwe yi-5th Regiment, phantsi kwemiyalelo kaColonel Eutiquio Munguía, nje ngeRural Corps, iphantsi kolawulo loMlawuli uGil Villegas.
Ngomhla wama-29 kuMatshi, u-Emiliano Zapato wabamba isikhundla sokuba yinkokeli ye-revolutionary forces, ngelo xesha yayiyilwe ngamadoda amalunga newaka. Ukufika ngo-Aprili 2, babamba i-Huehuetlán, ePuebla kwaye balawula ukuthatha isixeko sonke ngomhla we-13 kaMeyi 1911.
Ngenxa yoloyiso lweMaderismo, u-Emiliano Zapata akazange akwazi ukuthumela imikhosi, ngaphandle kokuba ilungu ngalinye linikwe ukhuseleko lomhlaba ukuba lizinikele ekulimeni, endaweni yezixhobo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, idabi alipheli ngokubhukuqwa kwePorfirismo, kodwa ngokuhlaliswa okuqinisekileyo kwabahlali bamahlwempu: ukubuyiselwa kwemihlaba eyayibiwe ngabanini-mhlaba abazizityebi.
Esi siganeko sasiluncedo kuFrancisco de León de la Barra, owayesebenza njengomongameli wethutyana, ukuba asithathe njengesenzo sovukelo, isizathu esamenza ukuba athumele imikhosi ukuze alawule: iwaka lamadoda ayalelwa nguye, iinjengele uVictoriano Huerta noAureliano Blanquet. . Yazi kwikhonkco elilandelayo, ubomi be I-Victory Orchard.
Ngo-Agasti wonyaka we-1911, uFrancisco I. Madero wavuma ukuba nentlanganiso noEmiliano Zapata, eYautepec, ukuze afumane isicombululo esinoxolo kwingxaki esemazantsi nenjongo yokumcenga ukuba anikezele ukuze akhulule imikhosi yakhe. Ngeli xesha, umshicileli wolwazi wesizwe wawulungiselela ukubuza ngezenzo zika-Emiliano Zapata ngamandla amakhulu.
Ngethuba lenkqubo yentlanganiso abazange bafikelele nasiphi na isivumelwano ngenxa yokuba uMadero akazange avume ukuguqulwa kwezolimo njengoko kuphuhliswe nguZapata. KuMadero, eyona nto iphambili, ngokwenkolelo yakhe, yayikukulungiselela uhlengahlengiso lwezopolitiko oluphawulweyo, ngelixa uZapata wayenengqondo yakhe yokubeka phambili ukubuyisela imihlaba ebibiwe ngabanini-mhlaba. UZapata wagcina ukuba uMadero wayengumngcatshi kwi-revolution.
Ngesi sizathu, urhulumente wobumbano wabongoza ukuba agqibe kwelokuba abeke ucwangco endaweni yobundlobongela, ke, kunye nemikhosi yakhe, yasasazeka kuyo yonke imida ephakathi kweGuerrero nePuebla, izimele kurhulumente, kwaye iqhubela phambili nokulandela imikhosi emincinci yomanyano. Ngeli xesha, u-Emiliano Zapata watshata noJoseph Espejo, enguthixo wekhonkco uFrancisco I. Madero ngokwakhe.
NgoMadero njengoMongameli weRiphabhliki, ukungafani akuzange kuphele. UZapata udibana noMadero ngaphakathi kwiBhotwe leSizwe, apho kubakho ingxabano eshushu. UMadero unika uZapata ihacienda kwilizwe laseMorelos, ngenjongo yokumhlawula zonke iinkonzo zakhe azenze kwiRevolution, isenzo esicaphukisa uZapata, ngelixa ephendula:
Hayi, Mnu Wood. Andizange ndithabathe izixhobo ukuze ndoyise umhlaba neefama. Ndithathe izixhobo ukuze abantu baseMorelos bakwazi ukubuyisa oko bekubiwe kubo. Ngoko ke, Mnu. Madero, mhlawumbi uzalisekisa oko usithembise kona, mna kunye nelizwe laseMorelos, okanye i-chichicuilota ithatha wena kunye nam.
Ngoxa wayethetha, wabetha ngamandla esoyikisa ngompu wakhe kwidesika awayehleli kuyo uMadero.
Kwezinye iincoko ezaziphakathi kukaFrancisco I. Madero noEmiliano Zapata, lo mva wamenza wabona indlela amahlwempu awayevakalelwa ngayo xa kuphangwa imihlaba yabo.
UZapata wabaxelela ukuba ngenene le yayiyimeko eyenzekileyo eMorelos, apho abanini-mhlaba abaninzi baphanga abahlali basemaphandleni kumazwe abo.
UZapata, ngoNovemba 25, 1911, wasungula iSicwangciso se-Ayala esaqulunqwa ngu-Otilio E. Montaño, ukubhala ukuba kube nguye owahlukileyo kunye nomzekelo ophilayo weengcamango zabalimi baseMorelos.
Olu xwebhu lwalufuna inkululeko yabantu bomthonyama kunye nokwabiwa kwemihlaba emikhulu eyakhiwe yiPorfiriato. UFrancisco I. Madero akazange afakwe njengomongameli, kwaye uPascual Orozco naye wabhaliswa njengenkokeli esemthethweni yenkqubo ye-Revolution yaseMexico.
Olu xwebhu lwatshintshwa emva kokuvukela kukaVictoriano Huerta kwiingcamango ezahlukeneyo kwaye kamva wakhuselwa nguZapata kwiNgqungquthela yaseAguascalientes.
Abo bakhanyisiweyo abazinikezele ekuguquleni iSicwangciso se-Ayala, apho uMadero noHuerta babengaziwa, izenzo zabo njengoongameli, kunye no-Orozco njengentloko ye-revolution, baqulunqa ngokugqithiseleyo umlingiswa wentlalo yoluntu, kunye nokushiya ukuqinisekiswa kwengcamango. "iklasi" yoluntu lwaseMexico.
Ngaphandle koko, olu xwebhu lugxininisa ukuba njengoko lungazange lwenziwe ngesithembiso esenziwa kubantu abahlwempuzekileyo, ukulwa ngezixhobo kuphela kwendlela yokufikelela ubulungisa.
Kodwa, kukwazisa ukuba iSicwangciso se-Ayala asiloxwebhu olubhaliweyo kuphela ukubonisa iingcamango zentshukumo yeZapatista, kodwa libhekisela kumqondiso wokuqala osekwe kuxwebhu olusemthethweni olungokwengcamango yentlalontle eMexico. , ngenxa yokuba wayezibonakalise ngaphambili ngemibhalo epapashiweyo, nangona yayingengokwasemthethweni, nguRicardo Flores Magón.
Ngaphakathi kumxholo weSicwangciso se-Ayala, kukho iingongoma ezibonisa ezi ngcamango ngendlela esondeleyo, ebonakaliswa kumanqaku aphawulwe ngamanani 6, 7 kunye ne-8.
Ukuze siqonde ezi ngongoma, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba, ngokufanayo neMvukelo yaseMexico, iMvukelo yaseRashiya yaphuhliswa, eyathi nayo yaba nemibono yobusoshiyali, eyathi yasetyenziswa ludidi lwamahlwempu, inkoliso yabo ngaloo maxesha eRashiya.
Kulo xwebhu kubonakala inkcazo esemthethweni yebinzana elaziwayo elithi "Umhlaba ungowabo bawusebenzayo", owathi kamva wasetyenziswa kwi-Revolution, ngu-Ernesto Che Guevara owaziwayo.
Kwinqaku lesi-8, kubonakala ngathi abanini-mhlaba, izazinzulu okanye iinkosi ezichasa izinto zabo ziya kuthathwa kwaye isibini esithathwini sazo siya kufakwa kwilizwe. Ingumbono oxabisekileyo, owavumela ababhali boxwebhu olusemthethweni, njengoZapata ngokwakhe, ukuba babe nombono wengcinga yobusoshiyali.
Ngomnyaka we-1912, u-Emiliano Zapata walwa ne-Federal Army, eyayiphantsi kwemiyalelo yeGenerals Arnoldo Casso López, uJuvencio Robles kunye noFelipe Ángeles, ngenjongo yokufumana i-pacification kumazwe asezantsi.
Ngoxa i-Zapatistas izama ukuzikhusela kwaye yenza oko ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngokutsho kwe-Federal Army: kwiingxelo zokuhlaselwa kweZapatista, kuqhelekile ukuba iireferensi zokuhlasela, imililo kunye nokudlwengulwa zivele phakathi kwezinye iinyani ezifanayo.
Kodwa, eyona nto iqinisekileyo kuwo onke la mabali kukuba aye aguqulwa ukuze athethelele iinkxwaleko ezenziwe ngabathathi-nxaxheba boMkhosi woMkhosi. Ngunyaka apho uhlaselo lwaseTepalcingo, Yautepec, Cuautla kunye neCuernavaca lugqamayo, nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kugcinwe ukuba ngelo xesha intshukumo yeZapatista yayibuthathaka kwimiba yezopolitiko neyomkhosi, ngakumbi iphulo likarhulumente waseMaderista ngokuchasene nemfazwe. surianos enomsindo, eshiywe phantsi koNjengele Felipe Ángeles.
Ngokusebenzisa ezona ndlela ziphucukileyo neziguquguqukayo, bacutha iziseko zeZapatismo, kuba uAngeles wayevana nabo.
Umzabalazo emazantsi emva kokufa kukaMadero
Emva kwesiganeko esenzeka ngenxa yokufa kukaFrancisco I. Madero, kunye nokuza kulawulo lwe-Victoriano Huerta, umzabalazo weengalo wavuka, ngelixa uZapata wabonwa njengenye yeenkokeli eziphawulekayo zoguquko, apho wafaka khona ezinkulu kwaye uhlaziyo olubalulekileyo eMorelos.
Kamva, ezi zikhundla zamkhokelela ekubeni ajongane nomongameli omtsha, owayeyiNjengele ngoko uVenustiano Carranza. Ekubeni enegunya, u-Victoriano Huerta, ubhalisela ikhomishini, intloko yayo nguyise kaPascual Orozco, uMnumzana uBawo Orozco, ngenjongo yokuthethathethana ngoxolo noxolo no-Emiliano Zapata.
Esi siganeko sasebenzisana ukuze umba wemfazwe esizweni uyeke kancinane. Ngelo xesha, uZapata wayenegunya likaMorelos kuninzi lwelizwe laseMexico, njengakwilizwe laseGuerrero, ePuebla naseTlaxcala, nto leyo eyayisenza kube nzima ukuvumelana nabo bantu bamchaza “njengababulali baseMadero”.
Wabulala umthunywa kaHuerta ngeengalo, wabhala neleta eyathunyelwa kuNjengele Félix Díaz, apho wavakalisa ukugatya kwakhe urhulumente kaHuerta; Ngenyanga kaMeyi waloo nyaka, wazinikezela ekuguquleni iSicwangciso sakhe sase-Ayala, ngakumbi ukubhengeza uVictoriano Huerta njengomntu oneentloni ukuba abe ngumongameli wesizwe.
Emva koko, waqhubeka nokususa uPascual Orozco kwisikhundla seNkokeli yeRevolution kwaye uZapata wasala njengeNkosi kuphela eya kumela uMkhosi weNkululeko yaseMzantsi. Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-1914, u-Emiliano Zapato weza kuthabatha oomasipala baseJonacatepec naseChilpancingo.
Ngaloo nyaka wayenenxaxheba kumkhosi owawubunjwe ngamadoda angama-27.000 XNUMX, owanceda ngenyanga ka-Aprili ukulawula ilizwe laseMorelos neminye imimandla yaseGuerrero. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, weza kuthabatha iCuernavaca, kwaye ngoJuni, wathatha imimandla yaseCuajimalpa, iXochimilco neMilpa Alta, into eyayikhathaza iMexico City.
Abahlali bekomkhulu laseMexico banyathela xa beva ukuba umkhosi kaZapata wawukufuphi. Emva koko, imikhosi yomgaqo-siseko yavala iindlela ukuze bangakwazi ukufikelela kwisiXeko saseMexico.
Ngenyanga kaSeptemba, uVenustiano Carranza Garza, umpolitiki waseMexico, ijoni kunye nosomashishini, wayalela uJuan Sarabia, uAntonio I. Villarreal kunye noLuis Cabrera Lobato, ukuba bavumelane no-Emiliano Zapata, kodwa, kwakhona, u-Suriano caudillo wakhuthaza uVenustiano Carranza ukuba arhoxe. ukusuka kwiSigqeba soLawulo, kunye nokuvunywa kweSicwangciso se-Ayala.
Abakomishinala, kunye nempendulo yabo, bashiya inkampu yabo kunye nombuso, kuba uCarranza wayechasa kakhulu izicelo zabo, echaza "njengengafanelekanga" kwiziganeko isizwe esasihamba ngaso.
Urhulumente "wesiqhelo".
U-Emiliano Zapata, ekwikomkhulu laseCuernavaca ngaloo nyanga, akazange achithe ixesha, ngoko waqala inkqubo yokuvakalisa ukuhanjiswa kwemihlaba eyayingabahlali.
Wamenywa ngabakomishinala abathile beNgqungquthela yase-Aguascalientes, apho awona maqela mathathu abalulekileyo athathe inxaxheba kwiNguqulelo yaseMexico ayekho, azama ukulungisa ukungavisisani kwawo.
Kwesi siganeko, u-Emiliano Zapata akazange aye, nangona kunjalo, wakwazi ukuthumela ikhomishini egameni lakhe, eyenziwa nguAntonio Díaz Soto y Gama, owayengumlinganiswa oyintloko weSiganeko seFlegi, kunye noLeobardo Galván González. iMorelos imanyene yathunyelwa nguZapata ukuya eAguascaliente.
Wenza ulawulo olulungileyo loncedo lwekomishoni yaseZapatista, uthethathethwano kunye noLucio Blanco, kunye noGeneral Francisco Villa ngokwakhe, uPaulino Martínez, uManuel J. Santibáñez noManuel Uriarte, owasebenza njengababukeli de wamqinisekisa ukuba enze isigqibo sokwenza isigqibo. umngeni kuVenustiano.
Ngale ndlela, u-Emiliano Zapata wadibana noFrancisco Villa, kwaye abo babini baqaphela u-Eulalio Gutiérrez, ijoni laseMexico kunye nezopolitiko, njengomongameli wesikhashana waseMexico, nangona kunjalo, izenzo zikaVenustiano Carranza zabangela ukuba imfazwe yombango ingapheli. Nangona yafika ekupheleni kukaNovemba, iCandelo elinamandla loMntla kunye ne-Liberation Army of the South langena kwisixeko saseMexico.
Emva koko, ukuthandwa kwesizwe kombutho weZapatista kwaqala, njengenye indawo eyayingaziwa ngamahlwempu avela eSurianos kunye nabaseMantla. Ngexesha lokuhlala kwabo kwikomkhulu laseMexico, imikhosi yomkhosi yagcina isimilo soxolo noxolo: bafumana izixhobo ngezipho kwaye banqanda ukuphanga kunye nokuhlaselwa ngabaphangi abaninzi, ababenobuganga bokudlula njengeZapatistas.
NgoDisemba 4 waloo nyaka, i-Villa kunye neZapata bafumana udliwano-ndlebe oludumileyo e-Xochimilco, apho bafumana umanyano lomkhosi wemikhosi emibini. Kuyo i-Villa, ngokutshintshiselana, yavuma iSicwangciso se-Ayala esaziwayo, ngaphandle kwezikhalazo zakhe kuFrancisco I. Madero, owenze njengomsindisi wakhe, wanyanzeliswa ukuba anike izixhobo zakhe kuZapata.
Emva kokuba izivumelwano zitywinwe, u-Emiliano Zapata washiya i-Amecameca, ngoko ngoDisemba 17, 1914 wathatha i-Puebla, nangona kunjalo, kwiintsuku zokuqala zikaJanuwari, i-plaza yahluthwa kuye yimikhosi ka-Álvaro Obregón.
Ngoko ke, kwafuneka asebenzise eyona migudu yakhe mikhulu yokulwa nomkhosi waseVillista onamandla, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba uMorelos akhuselwe aze alawulwe ngabantu abahlwempuzekileyo ngo-1915, abathabatha izixhobo, ukongezelela ekuncedweni ngabaphengululi bedabi.suriana.
Ebudeni bonyaka we-1916, xa iVenustiano Carranza yayisele isekiwe kwisiXeko saseMexico, yaye ngoxa uFrancisco Villa woyiswa kaninzi ngumkhosi ka-Álvaro Obregón, uCarranza wayalela ukuba kuhlaselwe iZapatismo, phantsi kwemiyalelo kaPablo González Garza.
Ngentsebenziswano yomkhosi wenqwelomoya, iCuernavaca, ngenyanga kaMeyi, yahlaselwa ngabaxhamli bomgaqo-siseko, nangona kunjalo, ukubuya kwakuye okwethutyana ezandleni zeZapatistas, ehleli ngokuqinisekileyo phantsi kwamandla abo nge-8 kaDisemba kulo nyaka.
Kodwa, ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezixhobo, kunye nokuvinjwa ukusebenzisana kweVillista, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zonke iidolophu zombuso zaziphantsi komyalelo wabaxhasi bomgaqo-siseko. Kunyaka we-1917 apho uZapata athatha isigqibo sokusungula uhlaselo awathi wakwazi ukuphinda athathe ngalo uJonacatepec, Yautepec, Cuautla, Miahuatlán, Tetecala kunye neCuernavaca.
Ngenyanga kaMatshi, umthetho wolawulo wokukhusela urhulumente wabhengezwa, zavulwa izikolo, kwasekwa amaziko ahlukeneyo ukuze kuqaliswe kwakhona ukuveliswa kwemveliso yokutya evela emaphandleni, kwaye imfazwe yaqhubeka kwiindawo ezimda.
Kodwa ngenyanga ka-Okthobha waloo nyaka, uNjengele Pablo González Garza wangena eMorelos ukuze athabathe lo mhlaba. Ngomnyaka we-1918, u-Emiliano Zapata, wasebenza kwiimeko ezifanayo noFrancisco Villa ngonyaka, i-guerrilla eyayingenalo ikamva elihle, ngenxa yeemfazwe ezingapheliyo, kunye nokungabikho kwezixhobo, ukufa kweenkosi kunye nezolimo. umthetho owiswe nguCarranza waxolisa unobangela wesurian.
Intshukumo yakhe, engenakuphikiswa kunye nokubonisa ukungavisisani kwabo baphambukeli bangamahlwempu, yasilela ukuzibonakalisa njengombutho wokwenene wohlobo lwezobupolitika nomkhosi. Ebonisa imvukelo yendibano yabalimi, awathi wazinikela kuyo kuphela ekuqhubeni imfazwe yakhe yobunqolobi ukusukela ngonyaka we-1918.
Ukufa kuka-Emiliano Zapata
Ngenxa yemfazwe eyavakaliswa ngurhulumente, wayithimba indawo enogonyamelo esemantla. Ngeli xesha, i-gonzalist uJesús Gajardo, ijoni laseMexico elathatha inxaxheba kwiNguqulelo yaseMexico, wamkhohlisa uZapata, kangangokuba wamenza ukuba akholelwe ukuba akakholiswanga nguCarranza, kwaye wayekulungele ukujoyina ngenxa yakhe.
Kodwa, u-Emiliano Zapata, wambuza ubungqina bokuthembela kuye, uGuajardo wambonisa xa wadubula amajoni angamashumi amahlanu amanyeneyo, ngokugunyaziswa nguCarranza noPablo González, wanikezela ngemipu kunye neembumbulu zikaZapata, ezaziza kumvumela ukuba aqhubeke nomkhosi. idabi.
Ngoko, ngoAprili 10, 1919, bavuma ukuba nentlanganiso eHacienda de Chinameca eMorelos. U-Zapata wabalekela ngemikhosi yakhe ngaphandle kwe-hacienda, ngelixa wayesondela ngaphakathi kunye nekhatshwa lakhe elenziwe ngamadoda alishumi.
Nje ukuba uwele isango elikhulu, umlindi omi esangweni uye wavuthela ibhegi yakhe ukuze abonise imbeko. Ukuba luphawu oluyimfuneko kubangcatshi, ababefihlwe phezu kwezindlu, ukuba bavule umlilo ngokungenalusini ngokuchasene noZapata, owathi kungekudala waba nexesha lokutsala isixhobo sakhe, kodwa ukudubula okuchanekileyo kwasiphosa esandleni sakhe; kwangoko emva koko inkokeli yatshabalala emhlabeni.
Abaninzi abazange basithande eso siganeko. Ngokufanayo, ngoko nangoko emva kokufa kwakhe bavula imbumbulu emzimbeni wakhe ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini ukudubula imipu, Zapa waba ngumsasazi revolution kunye icon of abahlwempuzekileyo nabasweleyo iidolophu.
Intshukumo yoguquko yaqhubeka nendlela yayo, kodwa ngobukrelekrele obuncinci, ngelixa iZapatistas yavuma ukunyula uGildardo Magaña Cerda njengenkokeli yoMkhosi weNkululeko yaseMzantsi. Lo iya kuba ngowokugqibela oza kubamela, kuba kunyaka kamva, amaqabane amadala kaZapata ajoyina urhulumente we-Aguaprietista, nangona abanye babo babulawa ngurhulumente ngokwakhe.
Uninzi lwabemi belizwe laseMorelos, abavumanga ukukholelwa ukufa kukaZapata, inkolelo yayikukuba yayingeyonkokeli yabo, eyabulawa nguGuajardo. Njengoko baphawula ukuba baphoswa yi-mole, ukuba u-Zapata wayeyindoda ende okanye emnyama ngombala.
Ngokwamazwana, kwakungekho nto yokumangaliswa xa uzibuza ukuba ngaba nguZapata, kuba kwakufuneka ukuba abe nguZapata, wayebalekele amayelenqe amaninzi kwaye wayesoloko enezingela ukuba abangcatshi bambhengeze, kwenzeka njani ukuba awe ngale ndlela. . Amagqabantshintshi akwabonisa ukuba uZapata uthumele omnye wabalingane bakhe kwisikhundla sakhe, owayefana kakhulu.
Kodwa, ngelishwa, ukuchongwa komzimba kaZapata, ngokuqinisekiswa kwabaninzi bamaqabane akhe amadala kunye nabantu abasondele kakhulu kuye, wanika njengesiqinisekiso sokuba yayisidumbu se-caudillo yasezantsi.
Imbali ishukumise uZapata kwiMpuma Ekude, apho kwakukho umlingane ongumArabhu owayemnike indawo yokuhlala, ngokwentsomi, uZapata wayengene kwisixeko saseAcapulco ukuze abalekele eArabia. Ngelixa abanye bathi ngobusuku obukhanyisa inyanga, wabonwa ekhwele iAnenecuilco, indawo awazalelwa kuyo.
Intsomi yaseZapata iphinda ithi, kule ndawo ngokuhamba kweminyaka, indoda endala yavela ivaliwe ngaphakathi endlwini, abaninzi baqinisekisa ukuba yiZapata.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwavela uxwebhu olupapashiweyo olugxeka uguqulelo olusemthethweni olunikezelwe ngokufa kukaZapata eHacienda de Chinameca. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku akukho mpendulo yoluntu eqinisekisa umbandela wokufa kwakhe, kungekhona neengcali kwimbali yembali, ephikisana nendlela enikezelwa yinguqulelo esemthethweni. UZapata, owaziwa njengombhali weli binzana: "Kungcono ukufela ezinyaweni zakho kunokuhlala uguqe ngamadolo ubomi bakho bonke"
Ubomi bomntu
U-Emiliano Zapata, kwasebutsheni bakhe, wayeyindoda eyaphula iintliziyo zamantombazana, kwaye ngexesha lobukho bakhe wayenabafazi abasithoba.
Ibalisa ibali lobomi buka-Emiliano Zapata, ukuba unobangela owamenza wangenela umkhosi yayikukuxhwilwa kwentombazana encinci. Isikhalazo safakwa nguyise ka-Inés Alfaro Aguilar, owayengumfazi wakhe wokuqala kwaye uZapata wayeza kuba nabantwana ababini: uNicolás no-Elena Zapata Alfaro.
U-Inés Alfaro Aguilar wayeyintombazana ehlwempuzekileyo ngokuzalwa, enomlinganiswa oswiti kunye nomxholo, yiyo loo nto engabuhoyanga bonke ubuhenyu bomyeni wakhe.
Ngokunjalo, ingcaphephe kwimicimbi yezembali, uJesús Sotelo Inclan, usixelela ukuba uZapata watshata ibhinqa eliselula eliphuma kudidi olusisityebi lwentlalontle ogama linguLuisa Merino, nangomhla wama-20 ku-Agasti ka-1911.
Nje ukuba ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lwePorfirista luwa, watshata nentombi uJoseph Espejo Sánchez, owaziwa ngokuba ngu "La Generala", inzalelwane yase-Anenecuilco, intombi kaDon Fidencio Espejo kunye noGuadalupe Sánchez, awathi wamitha naye abanye abantwana ababini.
Owokuqala kwaba bantwana wayebizwa ngokuba nguFelipe, owazalelwa kwinduli ye-El Jilguero, efa eneminyaka emi-5 kuphela ubudala kwindawo yokuhlala apho usapho lwaluhlala lukhona, emva kokuba elunywe yinyoka.
Intombi yesibini, egama linguJoseph, yazalelwa eTlaltizapán, kwaye kunyaka ngaphambi kokufa komntakwabo uFelipe, wafa ngenxa yobuhlungu obubulalayo. Wasala ke uYosefu engenabantwana. Kodwa, u-Emiliano Zapata, wayenabanye abantwana, abafana noAna María Zapata, intombi kaPetra Torres.
Iimyuziyam
Kukho iZapata Route eyaziwayo, eyiprojekthi yokhenketho yokupapasha imbali yalowo wayebizwa ngokuba yinkokeli yoguquko.
Apha sibonisa indlela edumileyo yeZapata:
ICuautla
Ime kwisikhululo sikaloliwe esidumileyo, esasisebenza njengendawo yaseZapatista; ibhotwe likamasipala, apho umzimba wakhe wawuvuswe khona; Isikwere saseMzantsi, "Plaza del Señor del Pueblo" indawo ebiyelweyo apho iintsalela zakhe ziphumle, ezibekwe phantsi komfanekiso oqingqiweyo ngembeko yakhe; kwakhona umatshini 279, owasebenza ngamaxesha revolution.
anenecuilco
Kule ndawo, kukho iMyuziyam yaseZapata House, yimyuziyam yenoveli, ebonisa igumbi apho u-Emiliano Zapata wazalelwa khona.
IChinececa
Iintsalela zetyala le-hacienda apho wabulawa khona zifunyenwe, kwaye iifoto ezininzi zesiganeko ziboniswa.
I-Tlaltizapán
Kule ndawo kukho iMyuziyam yaseZapatista Barracks kunye ne-pantheon ye-Emiliano Zapata Salazar.
Emiliano Zapata kunye neNguqulelo yaseMexico
KuZapata, inyani yokubandakanyeka kwimisebenzi yakhe eyahlukeneyo yezopolitiko neyomkhosi, kunye nokonwaba, ayizange isisuse engqondweni yakhe isifungo awasibhengeza sokwenza ubulungisa kubantu bakhe abangathathi ntweni. Ngowe-1911, ngenxa yoku, waxhobela iingalo nxamnye nolawulo lobuzwilakhe lukaPorfirio Díaz.
U-Emiliano Zapata, kwangaxeshanye, waxhasa uFrancisco I Madero ukuba abe ngumongameli. Noko ke, emva kokuba iMedero yaqalisa ukulawula, ayizange izigcine izithembiso zayo. Isizathu, esenza i-caudillo yasemzantsi kunye nabalandeli bakhe bazikhathaza ukuya kwinqanaba lokungawunaki umyalelo wakhe.
Emva kwesi siganeko, u-Emiliano Zapata wajoyina uNjingalwazi u-Otilio Montaño kwaye kwinkampani yakhe babhengeza iSicwangciso se-Ayala, umcimbi owenziwe ngoNovemba 28, 1911. Kumxholo weSicwangciso, ukungcatshwa kukaMadero kwahlwaywa.
Ngokunjalo, ukubuyiswa kwemihlaba encothulwe kwiPorfiriato kwacelwa, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwemihlaba yabanini-mhlaba kwanyanzeliswa. U-Emiliano Zapata waqhubeka nedabi lakhe, de uColonel Jesús Guajardo wamcenga ukuba yena nabalandeli bakhe bamelene noMadero, kwaye uya kumxhasa kunye nabantu bakhe kunye nezixhobo.
Kodwa, ekubandezelekeni kwabantu bakhe kunye nenkokeli edumileyo kunye nomkhuseli wabalimi, yayikukungcatsha. Ekubeni yayingumhla ka-Aprili wowe-1919, uGuajardo wamema iCaudillo yasemzantsi ukuba ibekho kwiChinameca hacienda, eMorelos, apho ayalela ukuba abulawe.
Intsomi yobuncwane bukaEmiliano Zapata
Intsomi yalo mlinganiswa waseMexico, u-Emiliano Zapata, obhaptizwe ngegama elingu-caudillo lasemazantsi, uxelela ukuba abemi belizwe laseMorelos, kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yiQuilamula, babeqhele kwaye benomdla ngomhlolokazi wakhe, kunye nomhlolokazi wabo. abantwana, abasoloko bethabathekile ngamabali kunye nezinto ezenzeka kweli qhawe linesibindi.
Noko ke, abazi ukuba kwiinduli ezingqonge loo dolophu, amaZapatista azimela emkhosini phantsi kolwalathiso lukaNjengele Jesús Guajardo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba impango yakhe yegolide yayifihlwe kule ndawo.
Kodwa, kwakukho ubunzima, ukuba kwakungekho mephu ngelo xesha eyayiza kubonisa nge-X indawo eboniswe ukuyifumana, babenenkxaso yenkumbulo eqaqambileyo ka-Emilia, intombi yomyeni we-revolutionary. Wayeyintombazana, enekhono elikhulu lokukhumbula iinkcukacha ezincinci, oko unina wayemphathise ngokufihlakeleyo, engqondweni yakhe indawo echanekileyo apho ubuncwane bufihlwe khona.
Intombazana yathi uZapata, osuka kwinkampu yakhe, wayehamba namanye amajoni awayehamba nawo amanyathelo ambalwa ukuya apho ubutyebi babungcwatywe khona. Kodwa, intsomi inalo, abazange babuye, kuba i-caudillo evela emazantsi yababulala ukunqanda imfihlo ukuba ityhilwe.
U-Emilia uphinde wathi wasebenzisa izibuko ukuthumela imiqondiso ukusuka kwenye induli ukuya kwenye, ukuba wakwenza ukuba alumkise ukuba umkhosi usondele, ukubanika ixesha lokuzifihla ezinzulwini zeentaba.
Intsomi yobutyebi bukaZapata isixelela ukuba abahlali abaninzi, bekhatshwa ngumzingeli wobutyebi, bazinikele ekujongeni umhlolokazi kaZapata ukuze abancede bafumane igolide eyayingcwatywe ngumguquli.
Kula madoda adlamkileyo, injongo yawo yayikukufumana ubuncwane kunye nokuba amabali abaliswayo malunga nesi sibakala abe yinyaniso. Ngoko, bemka baza bakuba bebuyile, baqalisa umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuba emva komsebenzi omkhulu bayayifumana inkampu yovukelo-mbuso ikwimeko entle, ngokungathi ixesha alikadluli.
Kwangokunjalo, bathe bakwazi ukuva izandi zezithonga ezifana nezithonga kunye nezandi eziye zatshona ehlathini, xa kusondela ukutshona kwelanga.
Phakathi kwethunzi, kunye nemvakalelo yabantu abahamba kwaye bebaleka, yenza ukuba abaqhubi baqhubeke besenza okufanayo. Zombini uloyiko kunye nezinye iimvakalelo zabamba abafuna ubutyebi buka-Emiliano Zapata, abashiye bengxamile bekhangela indlela yokubaleka.
Kuze kube namhlanje, akwaziwa malunga nolu hambo, okanye ukuba bafumana ubuncwane obungcwatywe, ngelixa iinkolelo kunye noloyiko zikhula ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Abantu abaninzi abasondeleyo ku-Emiliano Zapata, bagcina imfihlo, eyaziwa ngabantu baseQuilamula.
Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ngo-1990, ukukhangela i-golden booty kuhlala kukho, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imozulu injani na. Baziqhelanisa kuphela nombono ochanekileyo wokuqhubeka namanyathelo okufumana ithamsanqa: qhubeka namanyathelo apho bukhoyo ubuncwane obukhulu beZapata.
Inkokeli yaseMzantsi, Intsomi
Intsomi ikwaxelela ngo-Emiliano Zapata, owaziwa ngokuba yi-caudillo yasezantsi, ukuba emva kokufa kwakhe umzimba wakhe wathatyathwa imeyile wasiwa eCuautla, apho wawuboniswa kwisikhululo samapolisa ukuze ubonwe njengesifundo emehlweni abavukeli ababemxhasa.
Ngenxa yokufa kwakhe okunegazi, uZapata waba yintsomi, enye yeentsomi ezivela kulo mmeli waseMexico, baqinisekisa ukuba inkokeli yoguquko ayizange ibhubhe ngexesha lodubulo, kwaye umzimba owenziwe ngabasemagunyeni wawuphindwe kabini. ngayo, eyasetyenziswa nguZapata kwiimeko eziyingozi kakhulu.
Indoda enembono eqinisekileyo
U-Emiliano Zapata wayeyindoda enengqondo eqaqambileyo kwaye kwangaxeshanye ivuleleke ngakumbi, ngokuchasene neengcinga zabanye abavukeli baseMexico, apho wadala eyakhe i-Agrarian Reform, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Ayala Plan, kuba yabhengezwa kwidolophu yase-Ayala. Ayala, kwiphondo laseMorelos.
Uhlaziyo lwe-Ayala, lujonge ukuhlalisana nenxalenye enkulu yomhlaba, kunye nokukhulula abalimi abaninzi kunye nabantu bomthonyama kwingcinezelo eyomeleleyo yelatifundista abazifumene ngokwabo. U-Emiliano Zapata wayefuna ukuhambelana nenye yeemotto zakhe ezidumileyo: "Umhlaba wabo bawusebenzayo."
U-Emiliano Zapata, indoda enokholo oluqinileyo noluqinileyo, yaxhasa ilungelo lokugwayimba kunye nokukhululwa kwabasetyhini. Iminqweno yakhe eyomeleleyo ayizange iguqulwe nangaliphi na ixesha ngotshintsho olwenzekayo koorhulumente abahlukeneyo.
Umhlaba nenkululeko
U-Emiliano Zapata, kwiminyaka nje engama-23 ubudala, wayeyinkokeli yoguquko kwisixeko saseYautepec, ukujongana nezenzo ezenziwa yinkosi uPablo Escandón. Ngomnyaka we-1906, wakhusela imimandla yedolophu yasemaphandleni, ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kwabanye abanini kunye nolwandiso olukhulu lomhlaba, kwaye kwakuxa uZapata wachaza ibinzana lakhe elaziwayo: "Kungcono ukufa ezinyaweni zakho kunokuba ufe. ukuhlala ubomi bakho bonke emadolweni akho."
Wafika ngo-1909, ngesibhengezo somthetho ngumongameli waseMexico uPorfirio Díaz, woyikisa ngokuwohloka ubomi obumxinwa obabukhokelwa ngabalimi belizwe kunye nabantu bomthonyama, apho abanini bemihlaba kunye neenkampani ezinkulu zazilawula, ziziinkosi zayo yonke imihlaba yezolimo. ukulima.
Ukuba imeko ijika kunye nenkalo ebuhlungu, ukuba ngenyanga kaSeptemba waloo nyaka, abemi boluntu apho uZapata wayehlala khona, bamema kwintlanganiso eyimfihlo apho bamnyula njengomongameli webhunga elitsha likamasipala.
UZapata wayenandipha ukuthandwa okungayekiyo, kwanda ngakumbi nangakumbi kunyaka olandelayo, babesele benesiqubulo sabo esithi "Umhlaba kunye neNkululeko", usomashishini kunye nezopolitiko ogama linguFrancisco Ignacio Madero wajoyina umbutho wenguqu, owazama ukuphelisa uDiaz. ulawulo.
Amabinzana adumileyo kaEmiliano Zapata
Kweli candelo siza kukubonisa amabinzana ka-Emiliano Zapata, awafunyanwa njengelifa yidolophu ngexesha le-revolution yaseMexico.
"Ndiyamxolela lowo ubayo kunye nalowo ubulalayo, kodwa lowo ungcatshayo akanakuze."
“Umhlaba nenkululeko!”
"Ukuba akukho bulungisa ebantwini, makungabikho uxolo kurhulumente."
"Ndizimisele ukulwa nayo yonke into kwaye wonke umntu ongenayo enye into ngaphandle kokuthembela kunye nenkxaso yabantu bam."
"Umlimi wayelambile, wabandezeleka, waxhatshazwa kwaye ukuba wavuka ezandleni zakhe yayikukufumana isonka esathiwa kukubawa kwezityebi."
"Ukungazi kunye nokungabonakali ngamaxesha onke akuvelisanga nto ngaphandle kwemihlambi yamakhoboka okuxhatshazwa."
"Silinde iyure yesisigqibo, ixesha elichanekileyo apho abantu betshona okanye basindiswe."
Ndiza kuthetha iinyaniso ezikrakra; kodwa andizukunichazela nantoni na engeyonyani, ethetha ngokunyanisekileyo nangenyaniso.”
"Iintshaba zelizwe kunye nenkululeko yabantu bahlala bebiza abaphangi abo bazincama ngenxa yezizathu zabo ezintle."