Las Iimfuno zamaYuda kunye nezithethe ziye zavusa umdla wabantu abaninzi ekuhambeni kwexesha. Le nkcubeko, kunye namawaka eminyaka yembali, iphuhlise uthotho lwezenzo ezibandakanya ukusuka ekutyeni ukuya kwimpahla, ukuhamba ngezithethe inkolo kunye nemibhiyozo ngokubaluleka okukhulu. Ukuba ukhe wazibuza ukuba kutheni amaYuda elandela imithetho ethile okanye enze iminyhadala ethile, eli nqaku liza kukunika ingcaciso ecacileyo kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo nezibalulekileyo kubuYuda.
Ngendlela abawubhiyozela ngayo umthendeleko ISabatha kwimithetho yayo engqongqo yokutya ye Kashruth, umgaqo ngamnye unentsingiselo enzulu esekelwe kwimibhalo engcwele njenge Torah, la Mishnah kunye Talmud. Ingaba ufuna ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nempahla, imikhosi okanye izithethe zentsapho, apha siza kuhlola zonke iinkcukacha zolu luntu lwamandulo.
Amasebe eziphambili zobuYuda
Namhlanje, ubuYuda bahlukene amasebe amathathu aphambili: i-orthodox, i-conservative kunye ne-reformist. Umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwabo ukwinqanaba lokuncamathela kwimithetho yamaYuda okanye Halacha, ezilawula ubomi bamakholwa.
- UbuYuda bobuOthodoki: Yeyona nguqulelo ingqongqo yenkolo kwaye ilandela ngokungqongqo Halacha. Abadli ngokuvuma ukutolikwa kwangoku kweetekisi ezingcwele kwaye bagcine ubume boluntu lwemveli.
- UbuYuda obuConservative: Kuphakathi kwe-orthodox kunye ne-reformist. Nangona igcina izithethe ezininzi, ivumela ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yenkolo.
- UbuYuda boHlaziyo: Eli sebe linesimo esibhetyebhetye ngakumbi kwaye liqhelanise nobomi banamhlanje. Ayilandeli i Halacha ngokungqongqo kwaye ivumela ukwahluka okuninzi kwindlela unqulo oluqhutywa ngayo.
Ukutya kunye nemithetho yeKashruth
Enye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu kubuYuda kukutya kwabo okungqongqo, okulawulwa yimithetho ye Kashruth. Ukutya okuhlangabezana nale migangatho kubizwa kosher, kwaye kufuneka ihlangabezane nothotho lweemfuno ezithile. Le mithetho yokutya inika umdla kwaye ibonakalisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwamaYuda kunye nembali yawo.
Ukuvalwa kokutya
Kukho ukutya okuninzi okuthintelweyo kwisidlo samaJuda, njengoko kumiselwe ngu Torah. Phakathi kwazo kukho:
- Ingulube: Akuvumelekanga, kuba ayihambelani neemfuno zempuphu ehlulwe kunye ne-rumination. Esi salelo siye saba ngumxholo wokufunda kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwi Iimfuno malunga nokwalelwa kwenyama yehagu.
- I-shellfish kunye ne-crustaceans: Azivumelekanga, kuba kuphela iintlanzi ezinamaphiko namaxolo ezinokutyiwa.
- Isoseji yegazi: Ngenxa yokuba inegazi, akuvumelekanga kubuYuda, ekubeni igazi ligqalwa njengondoqo wobomi.
Ukongeza, izilwanyana kufuneka zixhelwe phantsi kwendlela ethile ebizwa shechita, apho ukubandezeleka kuncitshiswa negazi lishenxiswa ngokupheleleyo.
Ukwahlula phakathi kwenyama kunye nobisi
Omnye umthetho obaluleke kakhulu kukuthintelwa kwe ukuxuba inyama kunye neemveliso zobisi. AmaYuda angamaOthodoki kufuneka alinde iiyure ezininzi phakathi kokutya inyama nobisi, njengoko inyama imele ukufa kunye nobisi impilo. Kule nto, ngokuqhelekileyo basebenzisa izitya ezahlukeneyo kuhlobo ngalunye lokutya.
Impahla kunye nenkangeleko
Impahla enye inkalo efanelekileyo, ngakumbi kwi-Orthodox Judaism. Amadoda nabasetyhini kufuneka balandele imithetho ethile yokunxiba ngokufanelekileyo. imodamo.
Impahla kunye namalaphu angavumelekanga
Ngokutsho kwe Halacha, akuvumelekanga ukunxiba iimpahla ezihambelanayo uboya nelinen. Lo mqathango uvela kwi Torah yaye ngumyalelo weBhayibhile abaninzi abawulandelayo, nto leyo ebonisa ukubaluleka komthetho kubomi bemihla ngemihla bamaYuda.
Iinwele kunye neengubo
Amadoda ahlala esebenzisa i iqhekeza, ikepusi encinci yesithethe ebonisa i ukungeniswa phambi koThixo. Ngokuphathelele abafazi abatshatileyo, abaninzi basebenzisa iiwigi okanye izikhafu ukugquma iinwele phambi kwabantu, njengophawu lokuthozama nokuhlonela izithethe.
Iminyhadala yonqulo
UbuYuda buneeholide ezininzi ezibalulekileyo eziphawula amaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka. Nganye ineyayo uphawu kunye nezithethe. Ezi holide zizihlandlo zokubonisa imbali kunye nokholo lwabantu bamaYuda, njengoko kunokuphononongwa kuyo Iimpawu zamaYuda.
ISabatha
El ISabatha Lusuku olungcwele lokuphumla, oluqala ngorhatya lwangoLwesihlanu luze luphele ngoMgqibelo ebusuku. Ngeli xesha, umsebenzi okanye imisebenzi ethathwa njengobunzima, njengokukhanyisa imililo okanye ukusebenzisa izixhobo zombane, ayivumelekanga.
Iipasach
iPasika yamaYuda okanye Iipasach isikhumbuzo sokumka kwabantu bamaYuda eYiputa. Ngeli holide, abantu bayakuphepha ukutya ukutya okunegwele baze bafake endaweni yazo matzah, isonka esingenagwele esifuzisela ukungxama kwamaYuda eYiputa.
inkolo yalaJuda
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi UMthendeleko wezibaneIHanukkah ibhiyozela ukunikezelwa kwakhona kwetempile eYerusalem. Kwiintsuku ezisibhozo, ikhandlela likhanya ubusuku ngabunye menorah, i-candelabrum enamasebe asibhozo. Esi siganeko sibaluleke kakhulu kwaye sibhiyozelwa ngovuyo olukhulu ziintsapho zamaYuda.
YePuri
IPrim yiholide yolonwabo leyo isikhumbuzo sokusindiswa kwamaYuda ePersi. Kulisiko ukunxiba, ukutshintshiselana ngeelekese kwaye ufunde Incwadi kaEstere. Ezi zithethe zibonisa imbali yabantu bamaYuda kunye nomzabalazo wabo wokuphila.
Amasiko osapho kunye nemisitho
Kukho iminyhadala emininzi yentsapho ngaphakathi kubuYuda, nganye inesimboli kunye nentsingiselo yayo. Amasiko enziwa ekuhlaleni qinisa amaqhina entsapho kunye negalelo ekuqhubekeni kwezithethe zabo.
Ulwaluko
Kwiintsuku ezisibhozo ubudala, amakhwenkwe angamaYuda kufuneka oluswe kumsitho ekuthiwa Brit Mila. Esi siko luphawu lokumanyana noThixo kwaye yenye yeemfundiso zokuqala ezinikwa abantwana ngaphakathi kubuYuda.
Umtshato wamaJuda
Imitshato yamaJuda izele zizithethe, njengokutyikitywa kwe Ketubah (isivumelwano somtshato) kunye nokuqhekezwa kweglasi ngumyeni ukuya khumbula ukutshatyalaliswa kweTempile yaseYerusalem. Ezi zithethe ziyimbonakaliso ecacileyo yembali nokholo lwabantu bamaYuda.
Amasiko amaYuda agcwele uphawu kunye nesithethe, ebonisa imbali yayo yamandulo neenkolelo ezinzulu zonqulo. Ukusuka kwimithetho engqongqo yokutya ukuya kwiiholide zeentsapho kunye nemikhosi, isenzo ngasinye siyaqhubeka nokudibanisa amaYuda kwiingcambu zawo kunye nobunikazi benkolo.
