UAntonio Gaudí ngumakhi odumileyo waseCatalan eyayiyinxalenye yezakhiwo eziphenjelelwa yimodernism, enesitayile esisodwa, ubuchule obutsha kunye nesimboli eninzi. Imisebenzi yakhe esixhenxe ikudidi lweUNESCO olubhengezwe njengeNdawo zeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi kwaye zikwiphondo laseBarcelona, eSpain.
Uqhube iiprojekthi ezininzi kwaye siya kubalaselisa ezona zibalulekileyo kweli nqaku. Uninzi lwazo lufumaneka eBarcelona, nangona sinokufumana ezinye ezinje Indlu yeebhutsi eLeón okanye e-El Capricho de UGaudi yakhiwe eComillas.
Umsebenzi wobugcisa kaAntonio Gaudí
Umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa uqala nge ukwaziswa kunye nokufika kwezibane zombane e-Barcelona, ngo-1883, omnye wemisebenzi yakhe ibalaselisa uyilo lwenkqubo yokukhanyisa yoluntu neyabucala. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe inokufumaneka kuyilo lwe Izibane zesitrato zePla de Palau kunye nePlaza Real, yakhiwa ngo-1879.
Ukusuka kolu yilo, udityaniswe njengomhombisi kunye nomyili wezakhiwo, eyinxalenye yeminye imisebenzi enokufumaneka kwiibhari, kwiindawo zokutyela, kwiithiyetha zemidlalo yeqonga nakwifenitshala, izibane kunye neefestile zeevenkile. Okulandelayo, sibonisa i I-10 yezakhiwo eziyiliweyo ngeli gcisa libalaseleyo:
1- I-Basilica yaseSagrada Familia (eBarcelona)
Uyilo: Itempile yonqulo.
Izixhobo: Ngumsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa, nobude obuqikelelwayo obuziimitha ezili-172,5, ukuwenza esinye sezona zakhiwo ziphakamileyo zonqulo yaseYurophu. Idibanisa i-Gothic kunye nezinto zanamhlanje, ezininzi zezinto zayo eziphefumlelweyo kwiifom zendalo, ezifana neenqaba, ezifana nehlathi lamatye. Iikholomu zangaphakathi zilinganisa imithi enamasebe axhasa uphahla.
Iinkcukacha kunye nezinto ezinomdla: Yakhiwa ngo-1882 kwaye ayikagqitywa. Kulindeleke ukuba inokugqiba ngo-2026, engqamana nokufa kukaGaudi. Ngexesha leMfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain ka-1936, umlilo watshabalalisa inxalenye yeemodeli zangaphambili kunye nezicwangciso zomsebenzi, ngoko. Kwafuneka uyilwe ngokutsha ngabayili bezakhiwo. Namhlanje lelinye lawona matye ezikhumbuzo atyelelwa kakhulu eSpain, atsala iindwendwe ezizigidi ezi-4,5 ngonyaka.
2- Casa Batlló (Barcelona)
Uyilo: Izindlu zokuhlala.
Izixhobo: Ine-façade engaguqukiyo, ngaphandle kwemigca ethe tye, uphawu olungathandabuzekiyo lombhali wayo weCatalan modernism. Inomhombiso okhethekileyo owathi wahlaziywa phakathi kwe-1904 kunye ne-1906 ngumyili wezakhiwo. Phakathi kwezinto zayo sifumana ceramic kunye neglasi enemibala, nophahla lwayo imilo dragon, eyafikelela kuvuthondaba ngomnqamlezo ofuzisela ikrele leSaint George.
Iinkcukacha kunye nezinto ezinomdla: Ibhaliswe kuluhlu lwe-UNESCO yeLifa leMveli, enye yezona zikhumbuzo zithandwa kakhulu e-Barcelona. Abemi beso sixeko beza kubhaptiza njenge "Ndlu Yamathambo" ngenxa yeemilo zethambo kwi-façade yayo.
3- Park Güell (Barcelona)
Uyilo: Ipaki yoluntu.
Izixhobo: Yipaki ye-surreal kunye nemibalabala, eyenziwe ngobukrelekrele kwindawo ephezulu yesixeko. Hlanganisa indalo, ubugcisa kwaye ilayishwe ngumfuziselo. Ezona ndawo zibalaseleyo yibhentshi yemosaic yenyoka, Izinyuko zeDragon (El Drac), la Igumbi leHypostyle (Iholo yeekholamu ezilikhulu), i IPlaza de la Naturaleza, iPorticos kunye neMyuziyam yaseGaudí House.
Iinkcukacha kunye nezinto ezinomdla: Kwasetyenziswa izinto zasekuhlaleni ekwakhiweni kwayo yaye injongo yayikukuyila idizayini eyayiza kuhlala amakhaya afikelela kuma-60 obutofotofo. Lo msebenzi awuzange uphumelele kwaye kwakhiwa izindlu ezimbini kuphela. Intulo yayo ibe luphawu lwabakhenkethi kunye nenkcubeko yaseBarcelona. Inenkqubo ekhethekileyo yokukhupha amanzi ukuze iphinde isebenzise amanzi emvula.
4- Palau Güell (Barcelona)
Uyilo: Indawo yokuhlala edolophini.
Izixhobo: Isimbo sakhe sesanamhlanje, sineempembelelo zeGothic kunye nempuma. Umsebenzi wayo yayikukuba Indawo yokuhlala yasedolophini yosapho lakwaGüell nanjengendawo yolwamkelo loluntu. Izinto zayo: ilitye, iinkuni ezihloniphekileyo, i-ceramics kunye neglasi, izinto ezikhethwe ngokucophelela.
Iinkcukacha kunye nezinto ezinomdla: Inezinto ezifuziselayo nezingaqhelekanga, njengegumbi layo lokuhlala eliphambili eligxunyekwe eluphahleni, ukuvumela ukukhanya kudlule inkqubo ye-acoustic esasetyenziswa kwimisitho. Iingcango zayo zenziwe ngentsimbi ekhandiweyo kunye neepateni ezikhethekileyo. Isimboli sayo singokwenkolo kunye nenkcubeko, kunye neenkcukacha ze-heraldic kunye namakhaka.
5- Casa Milà (La Pedrera, e-Barcelona)
Uyilo: Izindlu zokuhlala.
Izixhobo: Ngomnye wemisebenzi evuselela imo yanamhlanje, ngenxa yayo I-facade engagungqiyo, iitshimini eziqingqiweyo kunye nophahla lwexesha elizayo kunye ne-surreal. Yakhiwe ngeebhloko zekalika kunye neebhalkhoni zentsimbi ezenziweyo.
Iinkcukacha kunye nezinto ezinomdla: Yakhiwa phakathi ko-1906 kunye no-1912 ngu egunyaziswe ngusomashishini uPere Milà. Wayenokugxeka kakhulu, ekubeni i-modernism yakhe enkulu yayigxekwa ngokuba "yinqaba" kakhulu. waba ne inguqulelo yoyilo lwezakhiwo, ekubeni yayakhiwe kwindawo yokupaka engaphantsi komhlaba, into entsha ngexesha layo, ukongeza ekusebenziseni intsimbi kunye nesamathambo ekhonkrithi. Into eyenza kube lula kuye ukwenza iidizayini kunye nokuphelisa iindonga ezithwele umthwalo. Kwakhona, ibhengezwe njengeNdawo yeLifa leMveli ye-UNESCO.
6- Vicens House (Barcelona)
Uyilo: Izindlu zokuhlala.
Izixhobo: Inombala, i-façade ekhutshweyo, kunye ne-Islamic, i-oriental kunye nezinto zendalo. Idalwe ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, phakathi kwe-1883 kunye ne-1885, apho waqala ukuthembela kwindalo kunye nesimboli.
Iinkcukacha kunye nezinto ezinomdla: Ngomnye wemisebenzi efakwe kuluhlu lweeNdawo zeLifa leMveli yiUNESCO. Kangangeminyaka yayiyi indawo yokuhlala yabucala kwaye ayizange ibonwe. Ngo-2014 yabuyiselwa kwaye Ivulwe njengemyuziyam ngo-2017. Inomyezo omangalisayo, apho kukho ubudlelwane phakathi komntu kunye nendalo, kunye nemithombo kunye neebhentshi zokuhombisa.
7- El Capricho (Comillas, Cantabria)
Uyilo: Izindlu zokuhlala.
Izixhobo: eyaziwa ngokuba yi IVilla Quijano kwaye yakhiwa phakathi kwe1883 kunye ne1885. Yayalelwa nguMáximo Díaz de Quijano, njengendawo yokuhlala yasehlotyeni. Ine-modernism yokuqala kwaye igcina imvelaphi yeGaudí kunye indibaniselwano yayo nendalo, kodwa ngokuphefumlelwa kwizakhiwo zasePersi.
Iinkcukacha kunye nezinto ezinomdla: Yenziwe nge Iithayile ezityheli neziluhlaza ezihonjiswe ngeemilo zikajongilanga. Iqulethe iibalcony kunye neentsimbi ezinemilo engaqhelekanga kunye nokulandela imigca yezinto zezityalo, kuquka namanqaku omculo omnini wawo. Yayibizwa ngokuba yi-caprice ngenxa yokugqithiswa kwayo okukhulu kuyilo kunye i-vagaries ekwakhiweni kwayo, into engaqhelekanga ngexesha layo. Lo ngomnye wemisebenzi engaphandle kweCatalonia, kodwa sinokufumana ezinye ezifana ne-Episcopal Palace yaseAstorga kunye neCasa Botines eLeón.