Ekuphakameni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX yobukhosi baseFransi. UMarie Antoinette waseOstriya, iArchduchess yaseOstriya kunye noQueen Consort waseFransi, wayengumntu odumileyo kubukhosi baseYurophu.. Ubomi bakhe, obuphawulwe bubomi obutofotofo kunye nobunewunewu, babuthungelwe kwimbali enesiphithiphithi eyayiza kufikelela kuvuthondaba kwiNguquko yaseFransi kunye nekamva elibi losapho lwakhe.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ubomi bukaMarie Antoinette kwaye sikhanyisele abantwana bakhe, ababelana ngekamva lakhe kwiminyaka enesiphithiphithi yenguquko. Funda yonke into ofuna ukuyazi ngayo UMarie Antoinette waseOstriya kunye nabantwana bakhe: ikamva lokumkanikazi kwiNguqulelo yesiFrentshi.
UMarie Antoinette wase-Austria: ukumkanikazi wangaphandle kwinkundla yaseFransi
Wazalwa nge-2 kaNovemba ngo-1755 eVienna, uMarie Antoinette Josepha Johanna waseHabsburg-Lorraine, owaziwa nje ngokuba nguMarie Antoinette, wayeyintombi kaMbusi uFrancis I kunye no-Empress Maria Theresa waseOstriya. Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-14, watshata noDauphin Louis Auguste, owathi kamva waba nguLouis XVI waseFransi. Lo mtshato wavala umanyano phakathi kweOstriya neFransi, amabini kumagunya amakhulu aseYurophu ngelo xesha.
UMarie Antoinette wazifumana ekwilizwe lasemzini kwilizwe lakowabo iVienna xa efika kwinkundla entsonkothileyo yaseFransi ngo-1770. Ubutsha bakhe kunye nokungaziqhelani nezopolitiko zasenkundleni kunye nobuqhetseba bamshiye esemngciphekweni wokruthakruthwano kunye nosukuzwano olwaluza kwenzeka kwiminyaka ezayo. Ukumkanikazi omncinci Kungekudala wafumana ukungabathembi abantu baseFransi ngenxa yothando lwakhe lwefashoni, i-frivolity, kunye nokungakhathali kwakhe okubonakalayo kwiingxaki zezoqoqosho zelizwe. Ilizwi lakhe elidumileyo, Ukuba abanaso sonka, mabatye amaqebengwana., ekucingelwa ukuba wayeyiyo, yaba luphawu lokungabi naluvelwano kwakhe kwiingxaki zabantu.
Abantwana bakaMarie Antoinette: iindlalifa kubukumkani obuhlayo
UMarie Antoinette noLouis XVI babenabantwana abane ngexesha lomtshato wabo:
- UMarÃa Teresa Carlota (1778-1851): Intombi yokuqala kaMarie Antoinette noLouis XVI, abazalelwa eVersailles, yathiywa igama likaninakhulu, uMaria Theresa waseOstriya. Phezu kwazo nje iinguqulelo ezinkulu ezaziza kwenzeka kwintsapho yakhe, uMaria Theresa Carlota wasinda kwiNguquko yaseFransi waza waphila de waba mdala. Watshata nomzala wakhe, uLouis Antonio, uDuke waseAngoulême, kwaye wayesaziwa njengeDuchess yaseAngoulême.
- ULuis José (1781-1789): UMarie Antoinette kunye nonyana wamazibulo kaLouis XVI, uLouis Joseph, babenewonga likaDauphin waseFransi. Okubuhlungu kukuba, wafa esemncinci ngenxa yesifo sephepha somnqonqo. Ukufa kwakhe kwaba sisibetho esibi kubazali bakhe nakwikamva lobukumkani baseFransi.
- ULuis Carlos (1785-1795): Wazalwa ngo-1785, uLouis Charles wayengunyana wesibini kaMarie Antoinette noLouis XVI. Eyaziwa ngokuba nguLouis XVII emva kokusweleka komkhuluwa wakhe, wayephantsi kweemeko ezinzima ngexesha leNguquko yaseFransi. Emva kokubulawa kwabazali bakhe ngo-1793, uLuis Carlos wavalelwa entolongweni waza wahlala phantsi kweemeko ezingenabuntu. Wafela entolongweni xa wayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala, nto leyo ephawula ukuphela kwesebe elithe ngqo leBourbons eFransi.
- USofia Beatriz (1786-1787): Intombi encinci kaMarie Antoinette noLouis XVI, uSofia Beatriz, wazalwa ngo-1786 waza wafa ebusaneni, ngaphambi kokuba afikelele unyaka ubudala.
Umxholo wembali: iNguquko yaseFransi kunye nokuphela kweXesha
Ubomi bukaMarie Antoinette kunye nosapho lwakhe butyhileke kwimeko yembali ezaliswe ziingxabano zezopolitiko, ezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho. Njengoko inkulungwane ye-18 yayiqhubela phambili, iFransi yazifumanisa ikwingxaki yezemali ngenxa yokuphathwa kakubi kwemithombo yayo kunye nenkxaso yemali yeemfazwe zaseMntla Merika, ezinje ngeMfazwe yeNguquko yaseMelika. Ubukhosi obupheleleyo bujongene nokunganeliseki okukhulayo phakathi kwabemi, ababandezeleka ngenxa yokwanda kokungalingani kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo.
Ubomi bokuzixakekisa enkundleni, obuphawulwa ngamabhotwe anobunewunewu, amatheko aphambili kunye neendleko ezixhomisa amehlo, zayenza mandundu imbono yokuba ubukhosi babunqanyulwe kunxunguphalo lwabantu. Iingxaki zoqoqosho kunye nokungalingani kwezentlalo zenze isiseko sokunganeliseki kwabantu abaninzi.
IMvukelo yaseFransi yaqhambuka ngowe-1789, xa abemi bahlasela iBastille baza bavukela ulawulo olupheleleyo lookumkani. Njengoko i-Revolution yaqhubela phambili, uMarie Antoinette noLouis XVI babanjwa kwaye batyholwa ngokungcatsha. Intsapho yasebukhosini yabanjwa kwaye yatshintshelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuvalelwa.
Ngo-1793, uMarie Antoinette wavavanywa waza wagwetyelwa ukufa nge-guillotine. Ukubulawa kukaLouis XVI kwalandela kungekudala emva koko. I-Revolution yaba nemiphumo emibi kubantwana babo. ULouis Charles, owaba nguDauphin emva kokusweleka komkhuluwa wakhe, wayephantsi kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu kwaye wafela entolongweni esemncinane.
Ilifa likaMarie Antoinette kunye nabantwana bakhe
UMarie Antoinette kunye nosapho lwakhe bamele isahluko esibuhlungu kwimbali yobukumkani baseFransi kunye neNguquko yaseFransi. Ubomi bakhe bobunewunewu nobunencasa bagutyungelwa kukuwa kobukhosi nokubulawa kwakhe. Usizi nokubandezeleka kwabantwana babo, abaphulukana nabazali babo baza babandezeleka entolongweni, kubonisa inkohlakalo yaloo maxesha anzima.
Isiphelo sabantwana bakaMarie Antoinette sisifundo esinamandla malunga nemiphumo yengcinezelo, ukungalingani kunye nokuqhawulwa phakathi kobukhosi kunye nabantu.. Ubomi babo obufutshane, obubuhlungu busisikhumbuzo sendlela umxholo wembali onokumisela ngayo ikamva lomntu ngamnye, kwanabo bazalwa kweyona ncopho yamandla.
Namhlanje, umzobo kaMarie Antoinette uyaqhubeka nokuba yinto enomdla kunye nengxoxo. Abanye bamjonga njengexhoba leemeko, ngoxa abanye bemgxeka ngokubonakala ngathi akakhathali kwingxaki yabantu baseFransi.. Ekugqibeleni, ubomi bakhe nobabantwana bakhe busesisikhumbuzo sotshintsho olukhulu lwezopolitiko nezentlalo olwagungqisa iFransi nehlabathi ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, nendlela ukumkanikazi wasemzini azifumana sele ebambeke ngayo kwimvukelo yaseFransi. . Ibali elifikelela kuvuthondaba ngeshwangusha likaMarie Antoinette waseOstriya kunye nabantwana bakhe: isiphelo sokumkanikazi kwiNguqulelo yesiFrentshi.
