I-Terracotta Warriors okanye iXian Warriors, ukugada umlawuli wokuqala waseTshayina kwaye bafunyanwa liqela labalimi ngokungaqhelekanga. Kodwa... Lithini ibali lakho? Njengoko benjalo?
Masimbe nzulu kancinci kwimbali ye umkhosi omkhulu wakha wafunyanwa engcwabeni, ababemiselwe ukwenza umlawuli wabo abe ngumlawuli kubomi basemva kokufa.
Ukufunyanwa kwamaQhawe aseTerracotta
Kwi 1974, amanye amafama awayegrumba iqula kufuphi nedolophu encinane adibana nenye yezona zinto zinkulu ezifunyenwe ngabembi bezinto zakudala yexesha. Amagumbi amakhulu angaphantsi komhlaba ajikeleze ingcwaba lomlawuli. Kwakukho amajoni eterracotta angaphezu kwe-8000, umkhosi omkhulu owawubonakala ulungele ukulwa.
Oku kufunyenweyo, nangona kwakumangalisa, kwakusele kubonakala kangangeenkulungwane, ekubeni lo mmandla uzele yimithombo engaphantsi komhlaba. Ukugrumba kulo mmandla kubandakanya ukufumana iintsalela zeeseramikhi, iimayile okanye iithayile ukusuka engcwabeni likaQin.
Xa umsebenzi we-archaeological waqala, i Iseti enkulu yemifanekiso eqingqiweyo eyakha yafunyanwa.
Umlawuli wokuqala waseTshayina
U-Ying Zheng, waqalisa ukulawula kwilizwe laseQin eneminyaka eyi-13 ngo-246 BC. umlawuli wokuqala waseTshayina, emva kokudibanisa izikumkani ezisi-7 yayenza loo nto Ulawulo lwakhe lwathatha iminyaka engama-36 kwaye lwadibana kunye nophuhliso olwahlukileyo olufana nealfabhethi esemgangathweni okanye emanyeneyo yayo yonke iTshayina. Ikwayeyona nto idumileyo yaseTshayina ityalwa kuye: Udonga Olukhulu.
lo mlawuli wayegxile ekushiyeni ilifa kunye nokukhunjulwa. Mhlawumbi oku kusixelela ngemvakalelo ephazamisayo malunga nokufa kwakhe. Ngaphezu koko, iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe wayichitha ekhangela iingcali zealchemists kwaye eqhuba amaphulo awahlukahlukeneyo, ekhangela eyona ndlela yokuphelisa ubomi obungunaphakade.
Ukwakhiwa kwengcwaba likamlawuli
Kunyaka wokuqala wolawulo lwakhe, umlawuli wayesele eyalele ukwakhiwa kwe-necropolis enkulu. ngaphantsi komhlaba. Kuya kuba kugcwele izinto zakudala, izikhumbuzo kodwa, ukongezelela, kuya kubakho umkhosi. Konke oku kwakuya kumkhapha ukuya kubomi basemva kokufa apho wayeza kuqhubeka esebenzisa isikhundla sakhe njengomlawuli.
Unjani umkhosi wamagorha eterracotta?
Lo mkhosi usamile, ulungele ukulwa kwaye wahlulwe waba yimingxuma emininzi. Enye yale migodi, i eyona ndawo, inendawo eyi-200 x 50 yeemitha kwaye ingaphezulu kwe-7500 amajoni, amanye awo angekavunjululwa. A Umngxuma wesibini uneenqwelo zokulwa ezingaphezu kwe-130 namahashe angaphezu kwama-600. Umngxuma wesithathu uhlala kuyo iinjengele zomkhosi, iintloko zomkhosi. Kwafunyanwa ingcwaba lesine lingenanto, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba loo msebenzi washiywa ungagqitywanga xa umlawuli wafayo.
Noko ke, asimele sicinge ukuba kwakukho lo mkhosi mkhulu kuphela kwingcwaba lomlawuli. Kwakukho neekhamera ezinemifanekiso yeemvumi, abasebenzi, amagosa karhulumente, njalo njalo. Kunye nezilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga. Okubonisa amabhongo kwizicwangciso zomlawuli ngobomi basemva kokufa.
Le mifanekiso iqingqiweyo imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yeterracotta, uhlobo lodongwe olubomvu-bumdaka. Ukuze kuphunyezwe, kwafuneka iindibano zocweyo eziliqela nabasebenzi abamalunga nama-700.000 XNUMX. Yiba ubungakanani bendalo, malunga nemitha enye namashumi asibhozo ukuphakama.
Imifanekiso eqingqiweyo yayi yenziwe yaziziqwenga ezahlukahlukeneyo eziya kuthi kamva zidityaniswe nokuba babemele amacandelo omkhosi womlawuli. zenziwe ngokwezikhundla zabo kwaye banezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neeyunifomu. Nganye yenzelwe wena ngokwemiqathango ye iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, iimpawu, iinwele, iindevu kunye namadevu.
babe iipolychromes ezinemibala eqaqambileyo, nangona le peyinti iwela ekuvezweni emoyeni kwaye iyakuveza i-terracotta. Ngenxa ye-oxidation emoyeni, kwiiyure nje ezi-5 i-pigment iyaphuma kwi-terracotta. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuphandwa ubuchule obuvumela ukuba kugcinwe imibala yantlandlolo yaye de kube kuphunyeziwe oku, amanye amaqhawe awasayi kuqhubeka nokugrunjwa.
Emva kokuba ingcwaba lenziwe waza wangcwatywa nomlawuli, ingcwaba alizange lihlale linjalo. Emva kokuwa kobukhosi bakwaQin, abalimi bayiphanga kwaye beba izixhobo ezininzi ababeziphethe. umkhosi weterracotta
Ukulungiselela ubomi kubomi basemva kokufa
yingzheng, Yayingayi kuba kuphela komntu oye walungiselela ngenyameko ngolo hlobo ubomi kubomi basemva kokufa. Abafi bexesha likaKofun eJapan bangcwatywa ngemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yamahashe nezindlu. Amangcwaba eSiqithi saseJaina kunxweme lwaseMexico anemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yeceramic.
Ewe kunjalo, eyona mpucuko idumileyo malunga nokulungiselela ubomi bakho emva kokufa: amaJiphutha.
Sincoma ukuba ujonge inqaku kwi Ingcwaba likaTutankhamun: iYiputa ukusuka engcwabeni lomntwana ukumkani
Baphi ngoku?
Emva kokuba ingcwaba lifunyenwe, i-complex yeemyuziyam kwindawo ngokwayo. Owona mqolomba mkhulu ugqunyiwe kwaye unokutyelelwa. Uphando ngeli ngcwaba lusasebenza.
Ukuze siyibone bekuya kufuneka siye entabeni ekwindawo ephakathi kumntla-mpuma weXian, kwiphondo laseShaanxi eTshayina.
Ukuze ufunde ngezinye izinto ezifunyaniswe ngezakudala, jongana namanye amanqaku akwiwebhusayithi yethu kwaye ungaphoswa ziindaba.