iYiphutha ilizwe loofaro, iiphiramidi, amangcwaba kunye neetempile, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezona tempile zibalulekileyo eYiputa. Siya kuzazi ukuba bangaphi, bangoobani kwaye bazinikele kubani.
Siza kubakhenketha, sicacisa kancinane ngoko sinokukufumana xa sibatyelela.
Eyona tempile ibalulekileyo eYiputa
Xa sithetha ngezona tempile zibalulekileyo eYiputa sifuna ukujonga ngakumbi eli lizwe likaFaro, abashiya uphawu lwabo kwinzala. Izakhiwo ezinkulu nezihonjiswe kakhulu, kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yoothixo noofaro, kunye ne-hieroglyphs eqingqiweyo apho baye babalisa imbali yabo. Ukuqonda ngcono ezi tempile, kukwabalulekile ukwazi malunga ne umbutho wentlalontle eYiputa.
Yazi ezona tempile zi-7 zibalulekileyo
Abu Simbel
Ifumaneka kumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-280 ukusuka e-Aswan, u-Abu Simbel yenye yeendawo ezinemifuziselo yaseYiputa. Kwakunjalo ngokuyinxenye yafunyanwa ngo-1813 ngumhloli waseSwitzerland uBurkhard, i-feat yaqhubeka yi-Italian Giovanni Battista Belzoni kwiminyaka emine kamva. Ukususela ngoko unokubona ulwakhiwo oluqhutywayo ngexesha lolawulo lukaRamses II phakathi kwe1279 kunye ne1213 BC. c. Ukufunda imbali yezi tempile kubalulekile ekuqondeni ubugcisa kunye noyilo lwexesha, kwaye kunomdla ukwazi ngakumbi malunga ukwakhiwa kweephiramidi zaseYiputa.
Itempile kaRamses II
UAbu Simbel yinkimbinkimbi eyenziwe zizakhiwo ezininzi phakathi kwazo ibalaselisa iTempile kaRamses II, kunye nefaçade yayo edumileyo yemifanekiso emikhulu, iimitha ezingama-20 ukuphakama, ikrolwe ngqo elityeni. Lo mfanekiso ngomnye wemiqondiso yaseYiputa.
Nangona kunjalo, itempile ayisiyiyo nje i-facade, amagumbi angaphakathi ahonjiswe ngeefrescoes igcinwe kakuhle kwaye ikhuselwe ngamacingo yimifanekiso eqingqiweyo emikhulu.
Itempile yayisekwe ngendlela yokuba Kabini ngonyaka, ngoFebruwari 21 nango-Oktobha 21, ilanga lidlula etempileni xa kuthi qheke ukusa lize likhanyise imifanekiso eqingqiweyo. koothixo bangaphakathi. Isenzo esenziwa yindoda ethatha ithuba lezinto ezinikezelwa yindalo kwaye inike isiphumo esibonakala sinomlingo kunye nemfihlakalo.
Itempile yeNefertari
Ecaleni kweTempile kaRamses II sifumana i Itempile yeNefertari, ekwabizwa ngokuba yiTempile yaseHathor. UFaro wenza le tempile yakhelwe imbeko yomfazi wakhe, uKumkanikazi uNefertari. Ngomnye wemizekelo embalwa yeetempile ezinkulu ezinikezelwe kumfazi waseYiputa yaMandulo. Ngaphakathi kukho iintsika ezineentloko zesithixokazi uHathor (kungoko kutheni laziwa ngelo gama). Umphandle, mkhulu kodwa unomtsalane kancinci kunekaRamses II, kukwakho imifanekiso eqingqiweyo emele oofaro abanxibe izithsaba ezahlukeneyo okanye iimpawu zoothixo.
Zombini iitempile ziyinxalenye ye ukugrunjwa kwamatye amathandathu awayeza kwenziwa ngexesha lolawulo lukaRamses II.
Itempile yaseLuxor
Ifumaneka kwisixeko saseLuxor, esiyinika igama layo, yitempile eyakhiwe phakathi kwe-1400 kunye ne-1000 BC Yakhiwa ngamaxesha amaninzi kwaye ngoofaro abaliqela: Amenhotep III kunye noRamses II ngembeko yesithixo uAmun. Itempile iphela iziimitha ezingama-260 ubude.
Itempile yaseLuxor kunye neTempile yaseKarnak ekuqaleni zazidityaniswe yindlela engaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezintathu. elide ecaleni ngaphezu 600 sphinxes iyonke. Namhlanje unokubona isiqalo sale ndlela kwiingcango zombini iitempile, ezidibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kunye nelifa elityebileyo lokwakha kunye nenkcubeko yaseYiputa, enokuthi iphononongwe iNtlambo yooKumkani.
Namhlanje, ukukhanya okubonelelweyo kuyenza ibe yindawo umlingo xa kuhlwa.
Itempile yaseKarnak
Enye yezona tempile zibalulekileyo nezinkulu ukusuka eYiputa, edibene neLuxor nge-avenue ye-sphinxes. Itholakala elunxwemeni loMlambo umNayile kwaye oFaro abahlukeneyo baye banda kwaye bahlobisa phantsi konqulo lothixo uAmun.
Elinye lawona magumbi anophawu lwale tempile Iholo ye-hypostyle, izele ziintsika ezinkulu ihonjiswe nge-hieroglyphics kunye ne-polychrome engravings egcinwe kwindawo ethile. Ineentsika ezili-134, nganye kuzo iziimitha ezingama-23 ukuphakama.
IKom Ombo Temple
Emantla eAswan, kukho itempile enomdla kakhulu, iKom Ombo, zinikezelwe koothixo uSobek noHaroeris. USobek unguthixo wamanzi, umdali woMlambo umNayile kwaye udla ngokumelwa ngomzimba womntu kunye nentloko yengwenya. UHaroeris nguHorus uMdala.
Xa ufika etempileni unokubona iindlela zokungena ezimbini ezizimeleyo ngaxeshanye kwaye kungenxa yokuba ngathi ziitempile ezimbini ezahlulwe ngokuyinxenye kwaye zimanyene ngokuyinxenye. Inxalenye esemazantsi yitempile kaSobek kwaye indawo esemantla yiHaroeris kwaye nganye ineentendelezo zayo, iicawa kunye neendawo ezingcwele ezihambelanayo kwelinye icala kwelinye. Kodwa ukongeza, kukho izithuba ezabelana ngazo zombini iitempile.
Kwimifanekiso kunye nezibonelelo zeetempile sinokufumana iSobek, iHaroeris kunye izixhobo quirúrgicos kudonga olungasemva lweetempile kwaye oko kusikhumbuza ngezixhobo zangoku. Kukwanika umdla ukwazi ngakumbi malunga ne iisimboli zaseYiputa enokufunyanwa kule tempile.
Itempile kaHatshepsut
Le tempile yaseYiputa yenye kufuphi neNtlambo yooKumkani yaye inikezelwe kokuphela komfazi owalawula eYiputa iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20.
Into enika umdla ngale tempile kukuba Uyilo lwalo lwahluke kakhulu kwezinye. Ukufikelela kusetyenziswa iirempu ezidibanisa iitesi ezintathu, ezinye zazo ezakhelwe kwisakhiwo ngelixa ezinye zigrunjwa kwilitye ngokwalo.
Ngelishwa, imifanekiso emininzi kaFaro yatshatyalaliswa ngunyana wakhe wesibini uThutmose III, kodwa ezinye zazo zisagcinwa, kwaye izibonelelo ezinemibala emele uFaro kunye no-Amun-Ra.
Itempile kaPhilae
Le tempile yayiyiyo wantywiliselwa phantsi kwamanzi eDama laseAswan kwaye washukuma ilitye ngelitye kwisiqithi esikufuphi. Le projekthi yenziwa ngenxa yenkxaso ye-UNESCO.
Itempile i uzinikele kuthixokazi uIsis, uthixokazi wothando, umlingo kunye nokuba ngumama. Intsomi ithi xa uKumkani u-Osiris ebulawa ngumntakwabo, umfazi wakhe u-Isis waqokelela zonke iziqwenga zika-Osiris waza wabalekela nabo kwiSiqithi sasePhilae ukuze abuyisele umzimba wakhe kunye.
Ukongeza kwitempile kaIsis uyabona ezinye iitempile kwisiqithi ezifana neHathor, iSango leTrajan okanye iipylons. Njengenyani enomdla, ukuze ufike kwezi tempile kufuneka uhambe ngesikhephe.
Itempile yase-Edfu
Ukuba uya eYiputa, itempile yase-Edfu yenye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibone. Inikezelwe kuthixo we-falcon uHorus kwaye yenye yezona zigcinwe kakuhle, ekubeni yayigutyungelwe ixesha elide yintlabathi yasentlango.
Yakhiwa phakathi iminyaka 237 kunye 57 BC. C. phantsi komyalelo kaPtolemy III. Yitempile eneempawu zeetempile zaseYiputa, ezibandakanya i-parium, iiholo ze-hypostyle, i-pylon, igumbi lokunikela, iholo eliphakathi, kunye nengcwele. KwiSanctuary ungabona umfanekiso wesikhephe somsitho, eyona nto ikhoyo ngoku kwiMyuziyam yaseLouvre.
Iinkcukacha ezininzi zokwakhiwa kwayo ziyaziwa malunga nale tempile kuba kwimifanekiso emininzi eqingqiweyo Azisixeleli nje kuphela ukwakhiwa kwetempile kodwa kwaneenkalo ezibalulekileyo zobomi kwiYiputa yaMandulo. Ukongeza, ungangena nzulu kwi uqoqosho lwaseYiputa yamandulo ukuqonda umxholo wolu lwakhiwo.
