Ukuba ufuna ukwazi abaphambili abathatha amanyathelo okuqala ngale nkqubo yemfundo, kwinqaku elilandelayo siza kukwazisa kubabhali be isayikholoji yezemfundo.
Yintoni iPsychology yeMfundo?
isayikholoji yezemfundo, yindibaniselwano yeenzululwazi ezimbini, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-pedagogy ngokwayo kunye nepsychology, ekhokelela ekubeni: isayikholoji yezemfundo.
Ulwazi lwezi nzululwazi zibini lwalusisiseko esasisetyenziswa ngababhali bethu bokuqala, apho babegxininisa ngokukhethekileyo kule ndlela yokufundisa.
Imvelaphi yePsychology yeMfundo
Ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho bungqina bokuba kwiinkulungwane ezidlulileyo, basebenzisa olu qheliselo lwengqondo yokufundisa.
Into eyaziwayo ngababhali be isayikholoji yezemfundo, ukuba ngabacingeli abakhulu baseGrisi abakha iziseko zezi ziseko, ukugqiba ukuziphatha komntu.
Aristotle
Wayesithi imfundo ifanele ibe yenye yeemfuno zokuqala ezisisiseko ekufuneka uRhulumente ahlangabezane nazo kummi ngamnye. Ukuphawula umahluko phakathi kolwazi ngokongeza imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, njengoko umkhapheli wakhe, uPlato, wamfundisayo.
Santo Tomás ka-Akwinas
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, umfundisi-ntsapho, isithandi sobulumko nomfundisi wezakwalizwi, unjingalwazi, owathi kwiinkulungwane kamva, uya kuthabatha ezi ngxoxo zingokufunda, ezigxininisa ekubeni ulwazi lufunyanwe ngokuqhubekayo.
IXesha leRenaissance kunye neHumanism kwipsychology yezemfundo
Xa iminyaka yeRenaissance yafika, ababhali be isayikholoji yezemfundo ngengcamango ekufundiseni, esekelwe ekusebenzeni.
Louis uhlala
Ithathwa ngokuba nguyise wengqondo yanamhlanje, esebenzisa iimbono ezifana nenkuthazo, ukufunda okanye ukufundisa izingqisho.
UJuan Huarte waseSan Juan
Emva koko, lo mbhali waziwa ngokungavumelani nepsychology eyahlukileyo, ngaphakathi kwabaphezulu bababhali be isayikholoji yezemfundo, abantu abacinga ngobuchule nobuchule. Jonga uphononongo lwakhe lwakutsha nje ukuqhelaniswa nesikolo apho iqinisekisa ubukho beemeko ezahlukeneyo apho umntu afunyanwa khona kunye nezakhono ezininzi.
INova okanye iNzululwazi eNtsha, ipsychology yezemfundo
Eli lixesha, xa kubhalwa kwimbali, njengoko imfundo ilandela ingqiqo kunye nokuziqhelanisa ngokusekelwe kulwazi. Ingqiqo isebenzisa ulwazi lwayo kunye naba babhali balandelayo be isayikholoji yezemfundo:
Rene Descartes
Kwakhona waziwa ngegama likaRenatus Cartesius, intanda-bulumko, ingcali yezibalo kunye nefiziksi, imvelaphi yakhe yesiFrentshi, yamkelwa ngexesha lakhe njengoYise wohlalutyo lwejometri kunye nefilosofi yanamhlanje. Umsebenzi wakhe waziwa kakhulu ngamaxesha onke njengentetho yeNdlela.
UJuan Amos Comenius, ngesiLatin, uComenius
Lo mbhali unengqondo ephangaleleyo, echukunyiswe kukubaluleka kwemfundo kubomi bomntu, wabhala “iiMagna Didactics", umsebenzi owathi, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, wawuthathwa njengowona ubalulekileyo kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ubeka phambili ukufundwa kweelwimi, apho wakhulula umsebenzi wakhe wesibini, njenge Vula umnyango kwiilwimi.
Locke okanye Hume
Ungomnye wabameli abakhulu be-empiricism, kunye nemfundiso ye-Berkeley Philosophical eyathi yaphuhliswa eNgilani malunga nenkulungwane ye-XNUMX kunye ne-XNUMXth inkulungwane, ngokuhambelana ne-Continental Europe rationalism yaphakanyiswa. Ngoko le misinga mibini yayixhaphakile kwiYurophu Yanamhlanje. Qwalasela amava njengomthombo oyintloko wolwazi.
UJean-Jacques Rousseau
Lo mbhali we isayikholoji yezemfundo, yaba: umbhali, umfundisi-ntsapho, ifilosofi, umculi, i-botanist kunye nesazi sendalo, ngokulandelayo waqatshelwa yi-elite yexesha elikhanyisiweyo, owabonisa ukuchasana kwakhe ngoko wahlukana nale ntshukumo.
Ingcamango yakhe yayisoloko ixhasa iimfundiso zendalo, awayesithi ngenxa yazo umntu uya kuyifikelela imeko yakhe yendalo; ukufuna isikhokelo njengomkhapheli ngendlela yendalo.
Igalelo kwiPsychology yeMfundo
Sele kumaxesha ethu okanye ababhali besizukulwana sethu isayikholoji yezemfundo bathanda:
UJohann Friedrich Herbert
Isithandi sobulumko saseJamani, isazi ngengqondo kunye ne-pedagogue. UHerbart wagqama njengomnye wabandulela uhlaziyo lobukrelekrele eJamani, ngakumbi xa kubhekiswa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX.
Wagqama kwimfundo ekhethekileyo, walwela uhlaziyo lwenkululeko kwaye waqhuba enye yeengxoxo eziqine kakhulu kwimfundo enobungqina, akakwazi nje ukufumanisa ubunzima bezemfundo kwinkalo yethiyori kodwa nangenkxaso yamava.
UJohann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Yaziwa kumazwe athetha iSpanish njenge UEnrique Pestalozzi, wayengumfundisi odumileyo waseSwitzerland, umfundisi-ntsapho kunye nohlaziyo, owasebenzisa iinjongo zokukhanya zangoku kwi-pedagogy.
Wayeqinisekile ukuba indlela yokuphuma kwintlupheko kunye nokuchasana koluntu kukubonelela ngemfundo esemgangathweni eguqula ingqondo kunye neentliziyo zabantu.
UJohn Dewey
Unjingalwazi wezeMbali, uDewey wayengoyena sithandi sobulumko saseMelika esaziwayo phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX kwaye, kunye noCharles Sanders Peirce kunye noWilliam James, omnye wabaseki befilosofi yepragmatism.
Ummeli we-progressive pedagogy e-United States. U-Dewey wabhala malunga nobugcisa, ukuqiqa, ukuziphatha kunye nedemokhrasi, isibhengezo sakhe sasixhasa imfundo kunye noluntu.
Ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluninzi malunga ithiyori zokufundisa Siyakumema ukuba uphonononge eli khonkco, njengoko linika umdla.