Ibali lekholoni elahlekileyo yaseRoanoke yenye yeyona mfihlakalo inomdla kwaye ididayo kwimbali yaseMelika yokuqala. Ngo-1587, iqela labemi abangamaNgesi elalikhokelwa nguJohn White laseka ikoloni kwiSiqithi saseRoanoke, esikwindawo ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yiNorth Carolina. Nangona kunjalo, xa uMhlophe ebuya kuhambo oluya eNgilani ngo-1590, wafumana ikoloni ishiywe, kungekho mpawu zokulwa okanye ingcaciso ecacileyo. Ekuphela kwento abayishiya ngasemva yayingamagama akrolwe kwisibonda: "Croatoan" kunye "Cro" kumthi okufutshane.
Esi sigidimi siyimfihlelo siye sadida ababhali-mbali nabembi bezinto zakudala kangangeenkulungwane. Ke ngoko, kwimigca embalwa elandelayo sinikezela ngophuhliso olubanzi Imfihlakalo yaseCroatoan kunye neKoloni elahlekileyo yaseRoanoke: iMbali yeEnigma ukuba uya kuthanda ukwazi.
Umxholo wembali: I-Roanoke kunye neenzame zokuqala zekoloni
Imbali kaRoanoke yaqala ngo-1585 xa uMhlekazi uWalter Raleigh wathumela iphulo lokuya eRoanoke Island, ibekwe kunxweme oluseMpuma kwindawo ngoku eyiUnited States. Abahlali bajongana nemiceli mngeni emininzi, kubandakanya iingxabano nabemi bomthonyama bengingqi kunye nokunqongophala kwezinto. Le meko ayizange izinze, yaye amathanga acela uncedo eNgilani.
Ngo-1587, uJohn White wakhokela uhambo lwesibini oluya eRoanoke ngethemba lokuseka ikoloni ezinzileyo.. Phakathi kwabaphambukeli kwakukho abafazi nabantwana, bephawula okokuqala ngqa ukuba kwenziwe iinzame zokuseka ikoloni esisigxina kwiLizwe elitsha elineentsapho ezipheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, imeko yaba mbi ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uMhlophe wabuyela eNgilani efuna izinto ezibalulekileyo.
Ukubuya kukaJohn White kunye nokufunyanwa okubuhlungu
UWhite wabuyela eRoanoke ngowe-1590, kodwa oko wakufumanayo kwamshiya edidekile yaye edandathekile. Eli thanga lalinyamalele kungakhange kubekho mkhondo. Kwakungekho zimpawu zokulwa kwaye kungekho zibonakaliso ezicacileyo zeendawo apho abahlali banokuthi baye khona. Ekuphela kwento awayifumanayo yayiyimibhalo engaqondakaliyo: «I-Croatoan» kunye ne-"Cro" eqingqwe kwiposti kunye nomthi.
Ukunqongophala kolwazi nokungxamiseka kokufumana iimpendulo kwabangela ukuba uMhlophe acebe uhambo lokuya kwisiqithi saseCroatoan, esasimiwe sisizwe somthonyama esinegama elifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu kunye nezinye izithintelo, olu hambo aluzange lufike apho lwalusiya khona, lushiya imfihlakalo ingasonjululwanga.
Iithiyori kunye noqikelelo: baye phi abahlali baseRoanoke?
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, abaphengululi baye baqulunqa iithiyori ezahlukeneyo ukutyhila ikamva elingaqondakaliyo labemi baseRoanoke, kodwa akukho namnye okwazileyo ukunika impendulo eqinisekileyo kulo mbuzo wembali.
Enye yeengcamango ezamkelwa kakhulu ibonisa ukuba abemi balapho bahlanganisana nesizwe samaCroatoan befuna uncedo nokhuseleko.. Ukubhalwa kwegama elithi "Croatoan" kwisithuba, ngokutsho kolu luvo, kwakunokuthi kushiywe ngamabomu njengesikhokelo, esibonisa indlela apho abahlali bahamba khona befuna indawo yokuhlala kunye nenkxaso.
Olunye umgca wentelekelelo lubonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba amakholoni athathe uhambo olunobungozi phakathi kwelizwe ngelinge elinzima lokuseka ikholoni entsha. Nangona kunjalo, iinkxwaleko zokusingqongileyo kunye nobutshaba obunokubakho kubemi bomthonyama bengingqi bebunokukhokelela ekunyamaleleni kwayo kwindawo engaziwayo.
Ezi thiyori, ngelixa zinomtsalane, zityhila ubunzima be-Roanoke enigma, iqaqambisa ukunqongophala kobungqina obunokuxhasa ingcaciso eqinisekileyo yekamva laba baphambukeli.
Ukubaluleka kweNkcubeko yaseCroatoan
Igama elithi "Croatoan" ayisiyonto ibalulekileyo kuphela kwimfihlakalo yeRoanoke, kodwa ikwanokubaluleka kwenkcubeko kwimbali yezizwe zomthonyama zommandla. AmaCroatoan ayesisizwe esinobuhlobo yaye esisebenzisana nabemi abangamaNgesi, yaye ulwalamano lwabo lusenokuba lwaba nempembelelo kwisigqibo sabaphambukeli sokufuna ikhusi phakathi kwabo.
Kuphando lwakutsha nje, abembi bezinto zakudala kunye neengcali zeanthropologists baphonononge iziza ezikwiSiqithi saseHatteras nakufutshane neSiqithi saseHatteras, ikhaya lakudala lesizwe saseCroatoan, bekhangela ubungqina obunokukhanyisa isiphelo sabemi baseRoanoke.
Uphando lwangoku
Ukufunyanwa kwezinto zakudala kwiSiqithi saseRoanoke
Okwangoku, kuqaliswe uthotho lweeprojekthi zophando ezijolise ekusombululeni imfihlakalo entsonkothileyo yeCroatoan. Njengoko besitshilo mva nje, Uphando oluninzi lwe-archaeological kunye ne-anthropological lwenziwe kwiSiqithi saseHatteras kunye neendawo ezisingqongileyo.
Umsebenzi onzima wentsimi owenziwe kule ndawo ekugqibeleni unika ukukhanya okutsha kwimfihlelo yekoloni elahlekileyo yaseRoanoke. Amaqela eengcaphephe ahlola ummandla ngononophelo, esebenzisa itekhnoloji ephucukileyo kunye neendlela zale mihla zokwemba ukufumanisa umkhondo wobukho babahlali. Ezi nzame zijolise kwimimandla ethile enokuthi ibone intsebenziswano phakathi kwabemi kunye nesizwe saseCroatoan. Abembi bezinto zakudala bakhangela izinto zakudala, izakhiwo okanye nabuphi na ubungqina obunokunikela imikhondo ebalulekileyo ngekamva labo vulindlela beHlabathi Elitsha.
Ngokugrunjwa okutsha ngakunye, ithemba liyakhula ukuze lityhile i-nigma yeenkulungwane zakudala ejikeleze ikoloni elilahlekileyo kwaye linike iimpendulo ezingazange zifumaneke kwizizukulwana zangaphambili zabaphandi.
Imfihlakalo ehlala ihleli
Ngaphandle kwemizamo eqhubekayo yokutyhila inyaniso emva kwekoloni elahlekileyo yaseRoanoke kunye negama elithi "Croatoan," imfihlakalo iyaqhubeka. Ukunqongophala kobungqina obubambekayo kunye nokungabikho kweerekhodi zembali ezineenkcukacha kushiye esi siqendu njengenye yezona zinto zinzima kwimbali yaseMelika yokuqala.
Ilifa lekholoni elahlekileyo yaseRoanoke kunye negama elithi "Croatoan" liyaqhubeka ukubamba intelekelelo yabo banomdla kwiimfihlakalo zembali. Njengoko uphando ngezinto zakudala kunye nobugcisa buhambela phambili, kukho ithemba lokuba ngenye imini inyaniso ebangela le ngxaki ingasonjululwanga inokufunyanwa. Kuze kube ngoko, imfihlakalo yaseCroatoan ihlala isisikhumbuzo sokuba singakanani na esingazi malunga nexesha lethu elidlulileyo kunye namabali alindele ukutyhilwa.
Okwangoku, kwaye ngelixa uphando luqhubeka, Kufuneka samkele kuphela imfihlakalo yeCroatoan kunye nekoloni elahlekileyo yaseRoanoke: i-nigm yembali endleleni eya kwisigqibo ekudala silindelwe.