Umfumani waseMelika unegama ekufanele ukuba liqhelekile kuthi sonke: uChristopher Columbus. Nangona kunjalo, IMelika sele ifunyenwe, Kwakukho abantu kunye neenkcubeko ezihlala kuloo mazwe, iiVikings nazo zahlala kwindawo. Ke xa sithetha ngokufunyanwa kweMelika siyenza ngokwembono yaseYurophu.
Ukuba ufuna funda iinkcukacha ezithe kratya malunga nomfumani kunye nokufunyanwa kweMelika, Namhlanje sikuxelela eyona nto ibalulekileyo malunga nenxalenye yembali enokuthi ibe neentlobo ngeentlobo zeembono, ezazinezinto ezilungileyo kunye ezimbi kwinkqubo yayo.
Umfumani waseMelika
UChristopher Columbus waziwa ngokuba ngumfumani weMelika njengoko wayengowokuqala waseYurophu ukwenza i Uhambo lweAtlantiki phakathi kweYurophu neMelika. Nangona wayengayikhangeli imihlaba emitsha, wayekhangela indlela entsha yokuya eIndiya.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngelo xesha IMerika yayinezithethe nempucuko ezahlukahlukeneyo ezazihlala kuloo mazwe. Ke xa sithetha "ngokufunyanwa kweMelika" sibhekisa ekufumaneni le ndawo ngokwembono yaseYurophu. Sibhekisa, umzekelo, kumaMayans, ama-Aztec okanye amaInca phakathi kwabanye.
Kwelinye icala, kukho imithombo ebonisa indlela Malunga nonyaka we-1000, iqela leViking lahlala kwindawo eyayiza kuba yiCanada ngoku. Ikhokelwa nguLeif Erikson, iiVikings zaziza kudala indawo yokuhlala ezaziyibiza ngokuba yiVinland, ekwiNewfoundland yanamhlanje.
Nangona kunjalo, lowo uya kuhla kwiincwadi zembali ngempembelelo yohambo lwakhe iya kuba nguColumbus.
Umxholo ngaphambi kokufunyanwa kweMelika
Ngenkulungwane ye-15, eYurophu, yaba inkulungwane yokuhlola, yokwandiswa kwendawo. Konke oku kuqhutywa zizizathu ezahlukeneyo. Kwelinye icala, iReconquista yaphela ngowe-1492 ngokuwa kweGranada, nto leyo eyavumela iiMonarchs zamaKatolika ukuba zinikel’ ingqalelo kwimigudu yazo ekwandiseni imimandla engaphaya kolwandle. Kwelinye icala yayizimfuno zentengiso, yi ixesha lesilika, iziqholo kunye neemveliso ezingaqhelekanga ezivela eAsia. Iimveliso ezafika eYurophu ngeendlela ezilawulwa ngamaSilamsi. Ukuba neendlela zakho zorhwebo kuthetha ukulawula urhwebo.
Ukukhangela iindlela ezintsha
Ngoko ke, iindlela zokurhweba zazinamandla amakhulu kwezoqoqosho eYurophu kwaye ezinye iindlela ezizezinye ezilawulwa ngamaSilamsi zaziyimfuneko. Ukuhambahamba kwakusiya kuchaneka ngakumbi, Kwakukho ubugcisa bokuzoba iimephu kunye nobugcisa baselwandle (iikhampasi, iiastrolabes, njl. njl.) ezazivumela oomatiloshe ukuba baziqhelanise kakuhle. Abanye oomatiloshe abanomdla abavela ePortugal babesele beqalisile ukuqhubela phambili elwandle ukuphononongwa kokhenketho lolwandle inxalenye yonxweme lwaseAfrika, ukufumanisa iziqithi kunye neendlela zorhwebo kunxweme lwaseAfrika.
UChristopher Columbus, umatiloshe waseGenoa, wayenethemba lokufumana indlela entsha eya kwii-Indies. Uhambo beluya kuba sentshona, apho umgama ophakathi kweYurophu neAsia (ngokweemephu zelo xesha) umele ukuba wawumfutshane kakhulu. Kufuneka sihlale sikhumbula ukuba iYurophu yaseMelika yayingekho, kwaye ke, ukuba sibhekisa kwicala elithe tye ngakumbi okanye ngaphantsi, siya kufikelela kwii-Indies. Uhambo phakathi kweYurophu neAsia ukuwela iAtlantiki. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nendlela kunye nomxholo wayo, unokujonga oku iphepha malunga nokuzoba ngelo xesha.
Noko ke, ingcamango kaColumbus ayizange ibonakale izaliseka yakhatywa izihlandlo eziliqela. Ekugqibeleni Wakwazi ukweyisela iiMonarchs zamaKatolika ukuba zixhase eli phulo lakhe. ekukhangeleni indlela entsha eya e-Indies.
Uhambo lwaseColumbus
NgoAgasti 3, 1492, uColumbus waqalisa uhambo lwakhe ekudala elulindile esuka kwizibuko lasePalos de la Frontera esinge kwii-Indies. Ngenxa yoko, kwaba njalo iinqanawa ezintathu: iSanta María, iPinta kunye neNiña Babizwa. Iinyanga zokuhamba ziqhubekile kwaye emva kweenyanga ezintathu, i Ngo-Oktobha 12, 1492, wabeka unyawo emhlabeni eqinisekile ukuba ulufikelele usukelo lwakhe. Ekholelwa ukuba wayefumene isiqithi e-Indies, wagqiba kwelokuba asibize ngokuba yiSan Salvador. Into eyenzekayo kukuba wayengekafiki e-Indies kodwa loo ndawo yayiza kuba lichweba laseBahamas.
Kuloo hambo lwaseColumbus Wawuhlola lo mmandla, watyelela iziqithi ezininzi zeCaribbean ezifana neCuba neHispaniola.. Apho wakha ubuhlobo nabantu ababehlala kuzo, iiTainos. Kwiijenali zakhe, uColumbus wayebalisa ngesisa kunye nokubuk' iindwendwe kwabantu bomthonyama, kodwa waqala ukuseka indlela abanokukhokelela ngayo kwikoloniyali kuloo mazwe matsha. Ukuze ube nokuqonda okunzulu kwempembelelo yayo, unokufunda malunga ne uhambo lukaChristopher Columbus.
Columbus Bendiza kwenza iihambo ezine kumazwe aseMelika ewonke, kodwa eyokuqala yaba nefuthe elikhulu. Abanye abahloli bamazwe babefuna ukwazi kwaye banqobe ukuba iLizwe elitsha egameni lookumkani bayo, kungekhona nje iSpanishi, amaNgesi awazange athathe ixesha elide ukujoyina uloyiso, umzekelo.
Emva koColumbus
Ngokwembono yezoqoqosho, oko kufunyaniswe kwaseka a Ubukhosi obukhulu bama-colonial baseSpain eMelika obakhulisa uqoqosho kunye namandla eSpain eYurophu. Kwaye, njengoko besitshilo, ezinye izikumkani kunye nobukhosi bafuna ukujoyina ukoyisa iqhekeza lepayi.
Uqhagamshelwano nabantu baseYurophu iziphumo ezibi kakhulu kubantu bomthonyama, Kwelinye icala, ukutshintshiselana ngezifo ezifana nengqakaqha okanye imasisi, izifo ababengazilungiselelanga abo bantu. Abaninzi bafa, benciphisa inani labo. Inkqubo entsha yezoqoqosho nezobupolitika eyaziswa ngabemi baseYurophu kwimimandla eyoyisiweyo nayo yabangela ingxaki. Abantu bomthonyama kunye neenkcubeko baphulukana nokuzimela, abanye basetyenziswa njengabasebenzi ukutshintshiselana ngokhuseleko novangelo. Kwelinye icala, kwakukho abantu ababefuna ukukhusela imihlaba yabo baza ekugqibeleni babulawa.
Konke oku kuya kuguqula umhlaba wonke. Yaqala a utshintshiselwano lwehlabathi lwezityalo nezilwanyana kodwa neenkcubeko phakathi kweLizwe eliDala kunye neLitsha "i-Columbian exchange." Umbona, iitapile, iitumato kunye nekoko zafika eYurophu, ngelixa ingqolowa, iswekile kunye namahashe zafika eMelika.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokuhamba kwembali, ukufunyanwa kweMelika kuya kuvela ekudalweni kwezizwe-zizwe kwilizwekazi, ukuzimela geqe kunye nophuhliso lwelizwekazi. iinkcubeko mestizo apho impembelelo yabemi bomthonyama, ama-Afrika kunye nabemi baseYurophu yayiza kudityaniswa ukuze yenze imibutho yangoku yaseLatin America.
