Iimuvi, imidlalo yevidiyo, kunye nothotho lweTV ziye zazisa iinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo, zanamhlanje nezakudala. Enye ebithandwa kakhulu kangangeminyaka eliqela yinkcubeko yamaNorse. Kwaye akumangalisi, kuba indlela yayo yokuphila kunye neenkolelo zonqulo zibonelela ngezinto ezininzi zokutolikwa. Kodwa ungatsho ukuba yintoni kanye kanye iViking? Ukuba akunjalo, ndicebisa ukuba ujonge eli nqaku.
Asizukuchaza nje kuphela ukuba yintoni iViking, kodwa siza kuthetha nangeeVikings ezidumileyo kwimbali kunye neenkolelo zazo zonqulo. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi uza kulufumana luluncedo!
Yintoni iViking kwaye yenza ntoni?
Xa sithetha ngamaViking, sibhekisa kumajoni aseNorse awayekhe enza imisebenzi yokuhlasela. Ayehlala kwiilali ezivela eScandinavia kwaye ayesaziwa ngokuba ngabahambi baselwandle ababalaseleyo kunye nohlaselo olwahlukeneyo kunye nokuphanga abakwenzayo eYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, yayingekuko konke ukulwa nokuphanga. AmaViking ayengabalobi nabalimi, nangona imozulu yayimbi kumazwe awo.
Ngokuphathelele abafazi bamaViking, babedlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu njengabafazi bendlu. Iimbopheleleko zabo zazinxulumene ngqo nemali yendlu kwaye zazibandakanya umthwalo onzima xa amanye amalungu osapho, njengootata noonyana, beshiya amakhaya ukuya kuhlasela okwakunokuthabatha iiveki okanye iinyanga. Ngenxa yolu xanduva luhlanganyelweyo, abafazi bamaViking babehlonitshwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, baqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwamasiko osapho kwaye bakhusela imbeko yesizwe sabo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abafazi baseViking babenenkululeko enkulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkcubeko kunye nemibutho yanamhlanje. Babenamathuba ahlukeneyo okuthatha inxaxheba kubomi bukawonke-wonke, kwaye la mathuba ayengaxhomekekanga kwisini sabo, kodwa kuxhomekeke kudidi lwabo lwentlalo kunye nomnombo wabo. Ngenxa yoko, kwakungeyonto ingaqhelekanga ukuba umfazi aye emfazweni kunye namadoda okanye abe nesikhundla kwezopolitiko, umzekelo. Abafazi baseNorse babenokwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kwaye kwakungekho mvakalelo yokuba bangaphantsi kwabo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwatshintsha emva kokuba uluntu lwaseViking luguqukele kubuKristu.
Yiyiphi eyona Viking idumileyo?
Ngoku ekubeni sisazi ukuba yintoni iViking, masithethe ngezinye zezona zibalulekileyo. Namhlanje, uRagnar Lodbrok mhlawumbi ngoyena waziwayo kakhulu. Udumo lwakhe luvela kwihlabathi liphela kuthotho lweencwadi ezithi "iiViking," eziphefumlelwe libali lale ntsomi yaseNorse. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amanye amaViking aye abonakala kwimbali, njengala alandelayo:
- U-Erik oBomvu: Ikwabizwa ngokuba ngu-Erik Thorvaldsson, le Viking yazalelwa eNorway yangoku malunga nonyaka wama-950, kwaye yagqama ekulawuleni iGreenland.
- Leif Erikson: Ungunyana kaErik oBomvu. Ngokutsho kwamabali, le Viking yafika eMelika ngaphambi kokuba uChristopher Columbus afike. Ke ngoko, ayinakuphoswa phakathi kwezona Vikings zidumileyo kwimbali.
- Ragnar Lodbrock: Bobabini uRagnar Lodbrok kunye nabo bonke oonyana bakhe bangabantu abaziwayo bembali ngenani loloyiso kunye nohlaselo abalwenzileyo eYurophu. Wayengumdlali oyintloko wochungechunge oluthi "Vikings" owakhokela umkhosi omkhulu wabahedeni owakwazi ukulawula inxalenye ebalulekileyo yaseNgilani.
- UCanute Omkhulu: Lo nguKumkani waseDenmark. Eyona nto imangalisayo yakhe kukulawula ukoyisa yonke indawo esempuma yeNgilani.
UHarald Haardrade
Phakathi kwamaViking adumileyo, uHarald Hardrada, okwaziwa ngokuba nguHarald ongenanceba, uvelele kuba uthathwa njengokumkani wokugqibela wamaViking. Eselula kakhulu, wabalekela eConstantinople. Apho wajoyina iVarangian Guard, eyayililo elalililo lobuqu labalawuli baseByzantine.
Ngenxa yobutyebi uHarald Hardrada awabuqokelela eConstantinople, wakwazi ukwabelana ngobukumkani baseNorway nomtshana wakhe, owaziwa ngokuba nguMagnus I the Good, emnika isiqingatha sempahla yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, kungekudala emva koko, umtshana wakhe wafa phantsi kweemeko ezingaqondakaliyo. Ngaloo ndlela, uHarald ongenanceba waba ngumlawuli oyedwa waseNorway.
Akuva ukuba uWilliam the Bastard, owathi kamva waziwa ngokuba nguWilliam the Conqueror, wayefuna ukuthimba iNgilane, uHarald wazoba umthi wosapho ukuze angqine ukuba unelungelo lobukhosi. Ngenxa yoko, wadibana noTostig, umntakwaboKumkani uHarold II waseNgilane, ukuze baqokelele umkhosi baze boyise ilizwe. Bafika emantla baza balwa baya kwisixeko saseYork. UKumkani uHarold II wahamba nomkhosi wakhe esukela amaViking ahlaselayo waza wabulala ukumkani wokugqibela wamaViking kwiMfazwe yaseStamford Bridge ngomhla wama-25 kuSeptemba, ngo-1066.
Ziziphi iinkolelo zonqulo awayenazo iiViking?
Njengoko uninzi lwenu sele nisazi, amaViking ekuqaleni ayengabahedeni kwaye ekholelwa koothixo abaninzi, oko kuthetha ukuba ayekholelwa koothixo abaninzi. Aba thixo babemele amandla endalo kunye nezinye iingcamango ezininzi. Phakathi kwabo baziwayo yayinguOdin, unyana wakhe uThor, kunye noFreya omhle. Nangona kunjalo, ukholo lwabo lwatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha njengoko ukwenziwa kweScandinavia ibe bubuKristu kwanda.
Ngokuchasene nenkolelo eqhelekileyo, amaViking ayengengabo bonke abahedeni ngaphambi kokuba aguqukele ebuKristwini . Amaninzi ayesele eguqukela kancinci kancinci. Oku kwakunokwenzeka ngexesha lokuhlasela kwawo kwamanye amazwe okanye ngokusebenzisa iimonki zabavangeli. Inani lamaViking angamaKristu landa kancinci kancinci, lithatha indawo yobuhedeni kancinci kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, iinkolelo zawo ezindala zaqhubeka de kwaba yinkulungwane ye-11. Utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwimbali yamaViking lwenzeka xa ookumkani babo baguquka baza babeka ukholo lobuKristu kubantu baseNorse.
Ngexesha leminyaka yotshintsho lwenkolo, ukholo lwamaNorse olukholelwa kuthixo omnye lwaphenjelelwa bubuKrestu. Uninzi lwemithombo esinike ulwazi lwethu lwangoku ngamaVikings yabhalwa ngamaKristu. Ngoko ke, akumangalisi ukuba inani elikhulu leentsomi kunye neenkcazo zibonisa imbono yobuKrestu ngeentsomi zamaNorse.
Kucacile ukuba imbali yeeVikings yaphawula iYurophu kakhulu kumaxesha amandulo. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba izinto ezininzi ezinxulumene nendlela yabo yokuphila kunye nenkcubeko ziye zafunyanwa, izinto ezininzi ziya kuhlala ziyimfihlakalo.
